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This page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in two of the official languages (Belarusian, Russian) and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.
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This page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in two of the official languages (Belarusian, Russian) and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.
| Belarusian (Łacinka) | Belarusian (Cyrillic) | Russian | Polish | Yiddish | Lithuanian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barysaŭ | Барысаў | Борисов/Borisov | Borysów | באריסאב/Borisov | Barysavas |
| Bierazino | Беразіно | Березино/Berezino | Berezyna | בערעזין/Berezin | Berazino |
| Dziaržynsk (Kojdanaŭ) | Дзяржынск (Койданаў) | Дзержинск (Койдановo) /Dzerzhinsk (Kojdanovo) | Dzierżyńsk (Kojdanów) | קוידענאוו/Koidenav | Dziaržynskas (Kaidanava) |
| Fanipal | Фаніпаль | Фаниполь/Fanipol | Fanipal | Fanipalis | |
| Kapyl | Капыль | Копыль/Kopyl | Kopyl | קאפולע/Kapulie | Kapylius |
| Kliecak | Клецк | Клецк/Kletsk | Kleck | קלעצק/Kletzk | Kleckas |
| Krupki | Крупкі | Крупки/ Krupki | Krupki | קרופקע/Krupke | Krupkos |
| Lubań | Любань | Любань/Lyuban | Lubań | לובאן/Luban | Liubanė |
| Marjina Horka | Мар’іна Горка | Марьина Горка/Maryina Gorka | Marina Horka | Marjina Horka | |
| Maładečna | Маладзечна/Маладэчна | Молодечно/Molodechno | Mołodeczno | מאלאדטשנע/Molodetchne | Maladečina |
| Miadzieł | Мядзел | Мядель/Myadel | Miadzioł | Medilas | |
| Minsk (Miensk) | Мінск (Менск) | Минск/Minsk | Mińsk (-Litewski) | מינסק/Minsk | Minskas |
| Niaśviž | Нясвіж | Несвиж/Nesvizh | Nieśwież | ניעסוויזש/Nesvizsh | Nesvyžius |
| Salihorsk | Салігорск | Солигорск/Soligorsk | Soligorsk | סאליגארסק/Soligorsk | Salihorskas |
| Smalavičy | Смалявічы | Смолевичи/Smolevichi | Smolewicze | סמולאוויטש/Smolavitch | Smaliavičai |
| Staryja Darohi | Старыя Дарогі | Старые Дороги/Staryie Dorogi | Stare Dorogi | סטאראיע דארוגי/Staraye Dorogi | Staryja Darohos |
| Stoŭpcy | Стоўбцы | Столбцы/Stolbtsy | Stołpce | Stolpcai | |
| Słuck (Słucak) | Слуцк (Слуцак) | Слуцк/Slutsk | Słuck | סלוצק/Slutsk | Sluckas |
| Uzda | Узда | Узда/ Uzda | Uzda | אוזדא/Uzda | Uzda |
| Vałožyn | Валожын | Воложин/Volozhin | Wołożyn | וואלאזשין/Volozshin | Valažinas |
| Viliejka (Vialiejka) | Вілейка (Вялейка) | Вилейка/Vileyka | Wilejka | וילייקע/Vileike | Vileika |
| Zasłaŭje | Заслаўе | Заславль/Zaslavl | Zasław | זאסלאב/Zaslov | Zaslavlis |
| Červień (Ihumen) | Чэрвень (Ігумен) | Червень (Игумен) /Cherven (Igumen) | Czerwień (Ihumeń) | אייהומען/Eihumen | Červenė (Igumenas) |
| Łahojsk | Лагойск | Логойск/Logoysk | Łohojsk | לאהויסק/Lahoisk | Lahoiskas |
| Žodzina | Жодзіна | Жодино/Zhodino | Żodzino | Žodzina |
| Belarusian (Łacinka) | Belarusian (Cyrillic) | Russian | Polish | Yiddish | Lithuanian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baranavičy | Баранавічы | Барановичи/Baranovichi | Baranowicze | באראנאוויטש/Baranovitch | Baranovičiai |
| Byaroza | Бяроза (-Карту́ская) | Берёза/Beryoza | Bereza (-Kartuska) | קארטוז-ברעזא /Kartoz-Breza | Berioza (-Kartuskaja) |
| Biełaaziorsk | Белаазёрск | Белоозёрск/Beloozyorsk | Biełooziersk | Belaaziorskas | |
| Brest (Bieraście) | Брэст (Берасьце) | Брест (-Литовск) /Brest(-Litovsk) | Brześć (-Litewski, -nad Bugiem) | בּריסק/Brisk | Brestas (Lietuvos Brasta) |
| Davyd-Haradok | Давыд-Гарадок | Давид-Городок /David-Gorodok | Dawidgródek | דויד הורודוק/ David Horodok | Davyd Haradokas |
| Drahičyn | Драгічын | Дрогичин/Drogichin | Drohiczyn (-Poleski) | דראהיטשין/Drohitchin | Dragičynas |
| Hancavičy | Ганцавічы | Ганцевичи/Gantsevichi | Hancewicze | Hancavičiai | |
| Ivacevičy | Івацэвічы | Ивацевичи/Ivatsevichi | Iwacewicze | איוואצוויטש/Ivatzvich | Ivacevičiai |
| Ivanava (Janaŭ) | Іванава (Я́наў) | Иваново (Янов) /Ivanovo (Yanov) | Janów (-Poleski) | יאנוב פאלעסקי /Yanov Poleski | Ivanava |
| Kamianiec | Камянец | Каменец (-Литовский) /Kamenets (-Litovskiy) | Kamieniec (-Litewski) | קאמענעץ ליטווסק/Kamenetz Litovsk | Kamenecas |
| Kobryń | Кобрын(ь) | Кобрин/Kobrin | Kobryń | קאברין/Kobrin | Kobrynė |
| Kosava (-Paleskaje) | Косава | Коссово/Kossovo | Kosów Poleski | קאסאוו/Kosov | Kosava |
| Liachavičy | Ляхавічы | Ляховичи/Lyakhovichi | Lachowicze | Liachavičiai | |
| Małaryta | Маларыта | Малорита/Malorita | Małoryta | מאלוריטה/Malorita | Malaryta |
| Mikaševičy | Мікашэвічы | Микашевичи/Mikashevichy | Mikaszewicze | מיקשעוויץ/Mikshevitz | Mikaševičiai |
| Pinsk | Пінск | Пинск/Pinsk | Pińsk | פינסק/Pinsk | Pinskas |
| Pružany | Пружаны | Пружаны/Pruzhany | Prużana | פרוזשענע/Pruzhani | Pružanai |
| Stolin | Столін | Столин/Stolin | Stolin | סטולין/Stolin | Stolinas |
| Vysokaye | Высокае | Высокое(Высоко-Литовск) /Vysokoye (Vysoko-Litovsk) | Wysokie (-Litewskie) | װיסאָקא־-ליטאװסק /Visoka Litovsk | Aukštieji Lietuviai |
| Łuniniec | Лунінец | Лунинец/Luninets | Łuniniec | לונינייץ/Luninitz | Luninecas |
| Žabinka | Жабінка | Жабинка/ Zhabinka | Żabinka | זשאבינקא/Zshabinka | Žabinka |
| Belarusian (Łacinka) | Belarusian (Cyrillic) | Russian | Polish | Yiddish | Lithuanian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brahin | Брагін | Брагин/Bragin | Brahiń | בראָגין/Brogin | Brahinas |
| Buda-Kašaliova | Буда-Кашалёва | Буда-Кошелёво/Buda-Koshelevo | Buda Koszelewska | Buda Kašaliova | |
| Chojniki | Хойнікі | Хойники/Khoyniki | Chojniki | Choinikai | |
| Dobruš | Добруш | Добруш/Dobrush | Dobrusz | דאָברוש/Dobrush | Dobrušas |
| Homiel | Гомель | Гомель/Gomel | Homel | האָמל/Homl | Gomelis |
| Jelsk (Karolin) | Ельск (Каролін) | Ельск (Королин) /Yelsk (Korolin) | Jelsk (Karolin) | Jelskas | |
| Kalinkavičy | Калінкавічы | Калинковичи/Kalinkovichi | Kalinkowicze | קאלינקאָוויטש/Kalinkovitch | Kalinkavičai |
| Mazyr | Мазыр | Мозырь/Mozyr | Mozyrz | מאָזיר/Mozir | Mozyrius |
| Naroŭla | Нароўля | Наровля/Narovlya | Narowla | נאראָוולא/Narovla | Naroulia |
| Pietrykaŭ | Петрыкаў | Петриков/Petrikov | Pietrzyków | פעטריקאָוו/Petrikov | Petrykavas |
| Rahačoŭ | Рагачоў | Рогачёв/ Rogachyov | Rohaczów | ראָגאטשעוו/Rogatshev | Rahačovas |
| Rečyca | Рэчыца | Речица/Rechitsa | Rzeczyca | רעטשיטסא/Retshitsa | Rečyca |
| Turaŭ | Тураў | Туров/Turov | Turów | טורעוו/Turev | Turovas |
| Vasilievičy | Васілевічы | Василевичи/Vasilevichi | Wasilewicze | וואסילעוויטש/Vasilevitch | Vasilevičai |
| Vietka | Ветка | Ветка/Vetka | Wietka | ויאטקא/Viatka | Vetka |
| Čačersk | Чачэрск | Чечерск/Chechersk | Czeczersk | טשעטשערסק/Tshetshersk | Čačerskas |
| Śvietłahorsk (Šacilki) | Светлагорск (Шацілкі) | Светлогорск (Шатилки) /Svetlogorsk (Shatilki) | Swietłahorsk (Szaciłki) | Svietlahorskas | |
| Žytkavičy | Жыткавічы | Житковичи/Zhitkovichi | Żytkowicze | זשיטקאָוויטש/Zshitkovitch | Žytkavičai |
| Žłobin | Жлобін | Жлобин/Zhlobin | Żłobin | זשלאָבין/Zshlobin | Žlobinas |
| Belarusian (Łacinka) | Belarusian (Cyrillic) | Russian | Polish | Yiddish | Lithuanian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astraviec | Астравец | Острове́ц/Ostrovets | Ostrowiec | אוסטרווייץ/Ostrovietz | Astravas |
| Ašmiany | Ашмяны | Ошмяны/Oshmyany | Oszmiana | אָשמענע/Oshmene | Ašmena |
| Bjarozaŭka | Бярозаўка | Берёзовка/Beryozovka | Brzozówka | Biariozauka | |
| Dziatłava (Zdziecieł) | Дзятлава (Зьдзецел) | Дятлово/Dyatlovo | Zdzięcioł | זשעטל/Zhetl | Zietela |
| Hrodna (Horadnia) | Гродна (Го́радня) | Гродно /Grodno | Grodno | גראָדנע/Grodne | Gardinas |
| Iŭje | Іўе | Ивье/Ivye | Iwie | אייוויע/Ivie | Vija (Yvija) |
| Lida | Ліда | Лида/Lida | Lida | לידע/Lide | Lyda |
| Masty | Масты | Мосты/Mosty | Mosty | מאסט/Most | Mastai |
| Navahrudak (Navahradak) | Навагрудак /Наваградак | Новогрудок/Novogrudok | Nowogródek | נאַוואַרעדאָק/Navaredak | Naugardukas (Naugardas) |
| Skidziel (Skidal) | Скідзель (Скідаль) | Скидель/Skidel | Skidel | סקידעל/Skidel | Skidlius |
| Smarhoń | Смаргонь | Сморгонь/Smorgon | Smorgonie | סמורגון /Smorgon | Smurgainys |
| Słonim | Слонім | Слоним/Slonim | Słonim | סלונים/Slonim | Slanimas |
| Vaŭkavysk | Ваўкавыск | Волковыск/Volkovysk | Wołkowysk | וואלקאוויסק/Volkavisk | Valkaviskas |
| Śvisłač | Свіслач | Свислочь/Svisloch | Świsłocz | סיסלעוויטש/Sislevitch | Svisločius |
| Ščučyn | Шчучын | Щучин/Shchuchin | Szczuczyn (-Litewski) | שטוטשין/Shtutshin | Ščiutinas |
| Belarusian (Łacinka) | Belarusian (Cyrillic) | Russian | Polish | Yiddish | Lithuanian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asipovičy | Асіповічы | Осиповичи/Osipovichi | Osipowicze | אָסיפוביטש/Osipovitch | Asipovičai |
| Babrujsk | Бабруйск | Бобруйск/Bobruysk | Bobrujsk | באברויסק/Bobroisk | Babruiskas |
| Bychaŭ | Быхаў | Быхов/Bykhov | Bychów | ביחאָוו/Bihov | Bychavas |
| Horki | Горкі | Горки/Gorki | Horki | האָרקי/Horki | Horkos |
| Kaściukovičy | Касцюковічы | Костюковичи/Kostyukovichi | Kościukowicze | קאָסטיוקאָוויטש/Kostiukovitch | Kasciukovičai |
| Kiraŭsk (Kačeryčy) | Кіраўск (Качэрычы) | Кировск/Kirovsk | Kirowsk (Kaczerycze) | Kirauskas | |
| Klimavičy | Клімавічы | Климовичи/Klimovichi | Klimowicze | קלימאָוויטש/Klimovitch | Klimavičai |
| Kličaŭ | Клічаў | Кличев/Klichev | Kliczów | Kličavas | |
| Kryčaŭ | Крычаў | Кричев/Krichev | Krzyczew | Kryčavas | |
| Mahilioŭ | Магілёў | Могилёв/Mogilev | Mohylew | מאָהלעוו/Mohlev | Mogiliavas |
| Mścisłaŭ (Amścisłaŭ) | Мсціслаў (Амсьціслаў) | Мстиславль/Mstislavl | Mścisław | אָמטשיסלאוו/Omtchislav[ citation needed ] | Mscislavas |
| Słaŭharad (Prapojsk) | Слаўгарад (Прапойск) | Славгород (Пропойск) /Slavgorod (Propoysk) | Sławograd (Propojsk) | פראָפאָיסק/Propoisk | Slauharadas (Prapoiskas) |
| Čavusy | Чавусы | Чаусы/ Chausy | Czausy | טשאָסס/Tshoss | Čavusai |
| Čerykaŭ | Чэрыкаў | Чериков/Cherikov | Czeryków | טשעריקאָוו/Tcherikov | Čerykavas |
| Škłoŭ | Шклоў | Шклов/Shklov | Szkłów | שקלאָוו/Shklov | Šklovas |
| Belarusian (Łacinka) | Belarusian (Cyrillic) | Russian | Polish | Yiddish | Lithuanian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barań | Барань | Барань/Baran | Barań | באראן/Baran | Baranis |
| Brasłaŭ | Браслаў | Браслав/Braslav | Brasław | ברעסלעב/Breslev | Breslauja |
| Dokšycy | Докшыцы | Докшицы/Dokshitsy | Dokszyce | דאָקשיטס/Dokshits | Dokšica |
| Dubroŭna | Дуброўна | Дубровно/Dubrovno | Dubrowna | דובראָוונאָ/Dubrovno | Dubrouna |
| Dzisna | Дзісна | Дисна/Disna | Dzisna | דיסנע/Disne | Dysna |
| Haradok | Гарадок | Городок/Gorodok | Horodek | האָראָדאָק/Horodok | Haradokas |
| Hłybokaje | Глыбокае | Глубокое/Glubokoye | Głębokie | גלובאָק/Glubok | Glubokas |
| Lepiel | Лепель | Лепель/Lepel | Lepel | לעפעל/Lepel | Lepelis |
| Miory | Міёры (Мёры) | Миоры/Miory | Miory | מיור/Mior | Miorai |
| Navapołack (Navapołacak) | Наваполацк (Наваполацак) | Новополоцк/Novopolotsk | Nowopołock | Navapolackas | |
| Novałukomĺ (Novałukomaĺ) | Новалукомль (Новалукомаль) | Новолукомль/Novolukoml | Nowołukoml | Novalukomlis | |
| Orša (Vorša) | Орша (Ворша) | Орша/Orsha | Orsza | אורשא/Orsha | Orša |
| Pastavy | Паставы | Поставы/Postavy | Postawy | פאָסטאָוו/Postov | Pastovys |
| Połack (Połacak) | Полацк (Полацак) | Полоцк/Polotsk | Połock | פאָלאָטסק/Polotsk | Polockas |
| Sianno | Сянно | Сенно/Senno | Sienno | סענא/Sena | Siano |
| Tałačyn | Талачын | Толочин/Tolochin | Tołoczyn | טאָלאָטשין/Tolotshin | Talačynas |
| Viciebsk | Віцебск | Витебск/Vitebsk | Witebsk | ויטעבסק/Vitebsk | Vitebskas |
| Vierchniadzvinsk (Drysa) | Верхнядзвінск (Дрыса) | Верхнедвинск (Дрисса) /Verkhnedvinsk (Drissa) | Wierchniedźwińsk (Dryssa) | דריסא/Drisa | Verchniadzvinskas (Drisa) |
| Čašniki | Чашнікі | Чашники/Chashniki | Czaśniki | טשאשניק/Tshashnik | Čašnikai |
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Covering an area of 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) and with a population of 9.4 million, Belarus is the 13th-largest and the 20th-most populous country in Europe. The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into seven regions. Minsk is the capital and largest city.
Belarusians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. Over 9.5 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 8 million Belarusians reside in Belarus, with the United States and Russia being home to more than half a million Belarusians each.
This article describes the history of Belarus. The Belarusian ethnos is traced at least as far in time as other East Slavs.
Belarusian is an East Slavic language. It is the native language of many Belarusians and one of the two official state languages in Belarus. Additionally, it is spoken in some parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine by Belarusian minorities in those countries.
Minsk is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk District (raion). As of January 2021, its population was 2 million, making Minsk the 11th most populous city in Europe. Minsk is one of the administrative capitals of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Belarusian may refer to:
The national emblem of Belarus features a ribbon in the colors of the national flag, a silhouette of Belarus, wheat ears and a red star. It is sometimes referred to as the coat of arms of Belarus, although in heraldic terms this is inaccurate as the emblem does not respect the rules of conventional heraldry. The emblem is an allusion to one that was used by the Byelorussian SSR, designed by Ivan Dubasov in 1950, with the biggest change being a replacement of the Communist hammer and sickle with a silhouette of Belarus. The Belarusian name is Dziaržaŭny herb Respubliki Biełaruś, and the name in Russian is Gosudarstvennyĭ gerb Respubliki Belarusʹ.
Trasianka refers to a mixed form of speech in which Belarusian and Russian elements and structures alternate arbitrarily. There is a similar phenomenon in Ukraine, a Ukrainian–Russian language mixture, called surzhyk.
The culture of Belarus is the product of a millennium of development under the impact of a number of diverse factors. These include the physical environment; the ethnographic background of Belarusians ; the paganism of the early settlers and their hosts; Eastern Orthodox Christianity as a link to the Byzantine literary and cultural traditions; the country's lack of natural borders; the flow of rivers toward both the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea; and the variety of religions in the region.
The Belarusian Greek Catholic Church sometimes called in reference to its Byzantine Rite liturgy the Belarusian Byzantine Catholic Church, is one of the 23 Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular churches in full communion with the Catholic Church and the Pope of Rome. It is the heir within Belarus to the Union of Brest and Ruthenian Uniate Church.
Belarusian citizenship is membership in the political community of the Republic of Belarus.
A continuous presence of Islam in Belarus began in the 14th century. From this time it was primarily associated with the Lipka Tatars, many of whom settled in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth while continuing their traditions and religious beliefs. With the advent of the Soviet Union, many Muslims left Belarus for other countries, particularly Poland. Presently, the Belarusian Muslim community consists of remaining Lipka Tatars, as well as recent immigrants from the Middle East. As of 2007, there are 45,000 Muslims in Belarus, representing 0.5% of the total population.
Belarusian Americans are Americans who are of total or partial Belarusian ancestry.
Education in Belarus is free at all levels except for higher education. The government ministry that oversees the running of the school systems is the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus. Each of the regions inside Belarus has oversight of the education system, and students may attend either a public (state) or a private school. The current structure of the educational system was established by decree in 1994. The education system is also based on The Education Code of the Republic of Belarus and other educational standards.
Christianity is the main religion in Belarus, with Eastern Orthodoxy being the largest denomination. The legacy of the state atheism of the Soviet era is evident in the fact that a part of the Belarusians are not religious. Moreover, other non-traditional and new religions have sprung up in the country after the end of the Soviet Union. According to the estimations for 2011 by the Ministry of the Interior, 73.3% of the Belarusians are Orthodox Christians, 14.8% are irreligious, 9.7% are Catholic Christians, and 3.5% are members of other religions.
Belsat is a Polish free-to-air satellite television channel aimed at Belarus. The channel is a subsidiary of TVP S.A. From the outset, it has been co-funded by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and international donors.
Belarus–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Belarus and Ukraine. Both countries are full members of the Baku Initiative and Central European Initiative. In the waning days of 2021, the relationship between Ukraine and Russia began rapidly deteriorating, culminating in a full-scale invasion in late February 2022. Belarus has allowed the stationing of Russian troops and equipment in its territory and its use as a springboard for offensives into northern Ukraine but has denied the presence of Belarusian troops in Ukraine.
The official languages of Belarus are Belarusian and Russian.
The Russification of Belarus is a policy of replacing the use of the Belarusian language and the presence of Belarusian culture and mentality in various spheres of public life in Belarus by the corresponding Russian analogs. Russification is one of the major reasons of insufficient adoption of the Belarusian language by Belarusians.
Soft Belarusization or soft Belarusification is an element of the domestic policy of President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko aimed at the gradual increase of the presence of Belarusian language and partial reversal of the ages of Russification of Belarus.