National Museum of Military History (Bulgaria)

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Coordinates: 42°41′18.23″N23°21′2.56″E / 42.6883972°N 23.3507111°E / 42.6883972; 23.3507111

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Different types of missiles on display Missiles, National Museum of Military History, Bulgaria.jpg
Different types of missiles on display
Aero L-29 on display Aero L-29 (NMMH).jpg
Aero L-29 on display

The National Military History Museum (Национален военноисторически музей, Natsionalen voennoistoricheski muzey) is a museum dedicated to military history in Sofia, Bulgaria. A structure of the Ministry of Defence, it has existed under various names and subordinate to various institutions since 1 August 1914 (in practice since 4 July 1916). It consists of 5,000 m² of indoor and 40,000 m² outdoor (of which 500 m² covered) exhibition area, changing exhibits [1] , a library and a computer centre.

Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.

Sofia Capital and largest city of Bulgaria

Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city is at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the western part of the country. Being in the centre of the Balkan peninsula, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.

Bulgaria country in Southeast Europe

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

Establishment

The NMMH was established in 1916, two years after a military-historical commission, consisting of an archive, exhibition and library, was founded. By that time it was one of only three Bulgarian museums in existence. Its first complete exhibition was only unveiled in 1937. Its current structure and name date from 1968. [2]

Outdoor exhibition

An incomplete list of equipment on display.

Artillery

10.5 cm leFH 16 field howitzer

The 10.5 cm leichte Feldhaubitze 16 was a field howitzer used by Germany in World War I and World War II.

7.7 cm FK 96 n.A. field gun

The 7.7 cm Feldkanone 96 neuer Art was a field gun used by Germany in World War I.

10 cm K 14

The 10 cm Kanone 14 was a field gun used by Germany and Bulgaria in World War I.

Jagdpanzer IV 1943 German tank destroyer series

The Jagdpanzer IV, Sd.Kfz. 162, was a German tank destroyer based on the Panzer IV chassis and built in three main variants. As one of the casemate-style turretless Jagdpanzer designs, it was developed against the wishes of Heinz Guderian, the inspector general of the Panzertruppen, as a replacement for the Sturmgeschütz III. Guderian objected against the needless, in his eyes, diversion of resources from Panzer IV tank production, as the Sturmgeschütz III was still more than adequate for its role.

<i>Sturmgeschütz III</i> 1940 German self-propelled gun family

The Sturmgeschütz III assault gun was Germany's most-produced fully tracked armoured fighting vehicle during World War II, and second-most produced German armored combat vehicle of any type after the Sd.Kfz. 251 half-track. It was built on the chassis of the proven Panzer III tank, replacing the turret with an armored, fixed superstructure mounting a more powerful gun. Initially intended as a mobile assault gun for direct-fire support for infantry, the StuG III was continually modified, and much like the later Jagdpanzer, was employed as a tank destroyer.

76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) 76 mm field gun

The 76-mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) was a Soviet 76.2 mm divisional field gun used during World War II. ZiS was a factory designation and stood for Zavod imeni Stalina, the honorific title of Artillery Factory No. 92, which first constructed this gun.

122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) 1930s towed 122 mm howitzer of Soviet origin

The 122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30) was a Soviet 121.92 mm (4.8 inch) howitzer. The weapon was developed by the design bureau of Motovilikha Plants, headed by F. F. Petrov, in the late 1930s, and was in production from 1939 to 1955. The M-30 saw action in World War II, mainly as a divisional artillery piece of the Red Army (RKKA). Captured guns were also employed later in the conflict by the German Wehrmacht and the Finnish Army. Post World War II the M-30 saw combat in numerous conflicts of the mid- to late twentieth century in service of other countries' armies, notably in the Middle East.

37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) anti-aircraft gun of Soviet origin

The 37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K) is a Soviet 37 mm calibre anti-aircraft gun developed during the late 1930s and used during World War II. The land-based version was replaced in Soviet service by the ZSU-57-2 during the 1950s. Guns of this type were successfully used throughout the Eastern Front against dive bombers and other low- and medium-altitude targets. It also had some usefulness against lightly armoured ground targets. Crews of the 37 mm AD guns shot down 14,657 Axis planes. The mean quantity of 37 mm ammunition to shoot down one enemy plane was 905 rounds.

ZU-23-2 A Soviet towed 23 mm anti-aircraft twin-barrel autocannon

The ZU-23-2, also known as ZU-23, is a Soviet towed 23 mm anti-aircraft twin-barreled autocannon. ZU stands for Zenitnaya Ustanovka – anti-aircraft mount. The GRAU index is 2A13.

Missiles

Military vehicles

Tanks

Aircraft

Other

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References

  1. Ian Elsner (3 September 2018). "49. Deyana Kostova Centers 'The Little Man' in War at the Bulgarian National Museum of Military History" (Podcast). Museum Archipelago. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  2. "History". National Museum of Military History. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2013.