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The naturalization of Adolf Hitler is the process of naturalization that took place from 1925 to February 1932, [1] when Adolf Hitler finally became a German citizen, being able from that moment to run for political offices. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn in 1889 as an Austrian citizen. He moved allegedly first to the United Kingdom in 1912–1913, [7] then to Germany in early 1914, just before the beginning of the World War I, then he served in the Imperial German army – also on the Western Front – until 1920. By 1919 he began his political career in the DAP (later transformed into NSDAP), which ultimately led him to try a putsch in Munich in November 1923.
Immediately after its failure, he was tried and imprisoned for high treason for 9 months, in 1924.[ citation needed ] The Bavarian authorities attempted several times to deport Hitler to Austria shortly after his release, but the Austria refused.
On April 7, 1925, Hitler applied to the High Magistrate of Linz in order to be released from the Austrian citizenship: [8]
I request that I be released from my Austrian citizenship. Reasons: I have been in Germany since 1912, served in the German army for almost 6 years, including 4½ years at the front, and now intend to acquire German citizenship.
As I currently do not know whether my Austrian citizenship has already expired, but entry to Austrian soil has been rejected by an order from the federal government, I ask for a favorable decision on my application.
Adolf Hitler
After some weeks, the request was granted and Hitler became stateless, stating it clearly and officially wherever he went. [9]
At this point Hitler begun trying to acquire German citizenship in various ways, as he was involved also into rebuilding from the ground up the Nazi Party.
The easier way to become a German citizen was to become a Beamter, a German civil servant, because it automatically resulted in naturalization, in accordance to the 1913 Reich and Nationality Act.
Wilhelm Frick, the first Nazi minister in a German (local) cabinet and member of the national Reichstag in 1924, used his power first to try to force the Bavarian government to grant citizenship to Hitler in 1929, then to nominate Hitler as a professor in Art at the Bauhaus University in Weimar, but he failed, as the government was not willing to hire anyone new in that position.
Another attempt was made only a few months later, in July 1930: the Thuringian state parliament was on summer vacation and Frick took place as the forerunner of the political affairs in the meantime, as prescribed by the parliament's rules. He recognised that there were no objections to his plan of nominating Hitler as a Gendarmerie commissioner in an office of the Thuringian district town Hildburghausen. Everything was made as secret as possible and the task was accomplished, but Hitler ultimately refused that job and its relative certificate (because it semt to him that that job did not suit him even from a purely formal point of view), thus canceling the naturalization process attempt. [6]
The next attempt was made at the Free State of Brunswick in 1931, where the local government was formed with some Nazi members: in particular the Interior Minister was the Nazi Dietrich Klagges, who had received the order directly from the NSDAP to naturalize Hitler quickly and who had the idea of appointing him professor for Organic Social Studies and Politics, by making a professorship vacant (the SPD member August Riekel was fired for this purpose). [10] As the matter was going on, the debate on it exploded at the Braunschweig state parliament and thereafter the task became impossible to carry out.
In January 1932 the Köpenickiade of Schildburghausen was discovered and the oppositions formed a parliamentary committee of inquiry in front of which Hitler himself and several other nazi politicians had to answer (which he quite did not, not remembering most of the facts), not carrying out further legal prosecution of those events.
Hitler wanted to run for the 1932 presidential elections and he needed the citizenship quickly in order to be able to do that. Just after the "process" in January, Klagges had to involve the DVP in order to things in a discreet way. After some discussion (which arrived to involve even the nazi Hans Frank and Ernst Zörner , President of the Braunschweig State Parliament and friend of Hitler), a solution was found by nominating HItler in a position in the Brunswick legation to the Reichsrat in Berlin.
For the purpose of legal appearance, Zörner even got Hitler a residence in Braunschweig as his subtenant (officially reported from February 26, 1932, to September 16, 1933).
On February 26, 1932, Hitler was sworn in at a ceremony in the Berlin Hotel Kaiserhof, [11] [12] at the same time receiving the citizenship in the Free State of Braunschweig and of the entire Reich, which was formally completed on March 1, 1932.
In 2007 there was an attempt to revoke Hitler's German citizenship, [13] [14] [15] but it was found that it is impossible, being Hitler dead.
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Nationality: "Stateless"
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