The politics of Nepal functions within the framework of a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and their cabinet, while legislative power is vested in the Parliament.
The Nepali Congress is the largest social democratic political party in Nepal. It is the current ruling party of Nepal since July 2021.
The Communist Party of Nepal , abbreviated CPN (UML), is the largest left-wing party in Nepal since its formation in January 1991, merging the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist).
The Rastriya Prajatantra Party [Nepali pronunciation: [rasʈrijʌ prʌˈd͡zatʌntrʌ ˈpa(r)ʈi]) is a constitutional monarchist and Hindu nationalist political party in Nepal. It was formed by former prime ministers Surya Bahadur Thapa and Lokendra Bahadur Chand, who served two terms each as prime minister since the end of the Rastriya Panchayat.
The Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party was a political party in Nepal, formed by former Minister and Nepali Congress national treasurer Mahantha Thakur. This party was once the biggest Madhesh based party with a strong base in Terai region of Nepal. The foundation of the party was announced on December 27, 2007. This party was made by Thakur with a popular slogan "Mare to Multi, jiye to Madhesh" meaning if I will live, I will fight for Madhesh and if I will get salvation. This was very popular and is popular till date. The party had four members in the interim parliament including Thakur.
Sadbhavana Party is a political party in Nepal. The party emerged from a major split in the Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) in the summer of 2007. Laxman Lal Karna was the joint chair of the party.
Samyukta Samabeshi Morcha is a coalition of political parties formed ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election in Nepal. The coalition comprises the Rastriya Janshakti Party, Nepali Rastriya Janabhavana Party, Rastriya Janamukti Party and Rastriya Jana Ekta Party.
United Democratic Madhesi Front was a political alliance of Madhesh-based political parties in Nepal created for the Madhes Movement. It was formed in 2008 by Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, Nepal Sadbhavana Party and Terai Madhes Loktantrik Party.
The Tharuhat Tarai Party Nepal was a political party in Nepal. It was led by Bhanuram Chaudary. It merged with Nepal Loktantrik Forum in April 2017. Later the party joined Nepali Congress.
Naya Shakti Party, Nepal was a democratic socialist political party in Nepal formed by former Prime Minister Baburam Bhattarai on 12 June 2016. On 6 May 2019, the party merged with Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal to form Samajbadi Party, Nepal.
The Rastriya Janata Party, Nepal, abbr. RJPN was the fourth-largest political party in Nepal after the Nepali Congress, the Nepal Communist Party and the Samajbadi Party, Nepal. It was formed on 21 April 2017 after the merger of Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, led by the Mahantha Thakur, Sadbhavana Party, led by the Rajendra Mahato, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, led by the Anil Kumar Jha, Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party, led by the Mahendra Yadav, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican), led by Rajkishor Yadav and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party, led by Sharat Singh Bhandari. The party was founded with the ideology of democratic system.
The Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal was a democratic socialist political party in Nepal. The party was formed on 15 June 2015 from the merger of the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, the Federal Socialist Party Nepal and the Khas Samabeshi Party. On 6 May 2019, the party merged with Naya Shakti Party, Nepal to form Samajbadi Party, Nepal.
General elections were held in Nepal in two phases on 26 November and 7 December 2017 to elect the 275 members of the fifth House of Representatives, the lower house of the Federal Parliament of Nepal. The election was held alongside the first provincial elections for the seven provincial assemblies. A political deadlock between the governing Nepali Congress and the winning left-wing coalition over the system used to elect the upper house led to delay in forming the new government. Following the announcement of final result by the Election Commission, K.P. Oli of Communist Party of Nepal was sworn in as Prime Minister on 15 February 2018 by the President according to Article 76 (2) of the constitution. He passed a Motion of Confidence on 11 March 2018 with 208 votes.
On 7 June 2017, Sher Bahadur Deuba got elected as the new Prime Minister of Nepal and therefore formed the new Governmental Cabinet of Nepal Deuba's candidacy was supported by the Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, the Rastriya Janata Party Nepal, the Nepal Loktantrik Forum, the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal and several small parties represented in the Nepalese Parliament after a power-sharing deal with the Communist Party of Nepal, who also supported Deuba's candidacy. After being sworn in, Deuba formed a new government in a coalition with the parties that supported his election. On 17 October 2017, in preparation for the Nepalese legislative election, the Communist Party of Nepal decided to cooperate with the Communist Party of Nepal. For this, all of their ministers left the cabinet after Prime Minister Deuba was prepared to dismiss them.
The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections. 165 members were elected via first-past-the-post system and 110 through the proportional representation system to form the 275-member House of Representatives for a five-year term. On 7 February 2018, the provincial electoral colleges, composed of provincial assembly members elected in the provincial elections and chairs and deputy-chairs of local administrative units elected in the local elections, elected eight members each, for a total of 56 elected members, and three more were appointed by the President as nominated by the government, to form the 59 member National Assembly. The National Assembly members drew lots to determine the thirds whose terms would be of two, four and six years respectively. On 23 January 2020, the National Assembly electoral college met for the second time to elect 18 of the 19 Class I members. The House of Representatives was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the request of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's cabinet. The House was reinstated on 24 February 2021 following a decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal. The House of Representatives was again dissolved on 22 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari.
Uma Shankar Aragriya is a Nepalese politician belonging to the People's Socialist Party, Nepal who served as the Minister of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation since 4 June 2021 but was removed from the post by Supreme Court on 22 June 2021 making the tenure of just 18 days and shortest till date. He was also a member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal after winning in 2017 Nepalese general election from Dhanusha 2 constituency.
Jay Prakash Gupta, also referred to as Jay Prakash Anand or popularly JP Gupta, is a Nepalese politician and former member of the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal(Republican) party. He was born in Saptari District, Nepal. Before joining forum, he was a member of Nepali Congress. His political career was going very well from this party but he left the party during Madhesh movement. He is presently running Terai Madhesh Rastriya Abhiyan.
The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik), was a political party in Nepal. It existed as one of the important political force during the constituent assembly. Later the party merged with several other parties to become the largest Madhesh/Tharuhath based party, Nepal Loktantrik Forum.
