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Crane fly is a common name referring to any member of the insect family Tipulidae, of the order Diptera, true flies in the superfamily Tipuloidea. Cylindrotominae, Limoniinae, and Pediciinae have been ranked as subfamilies of Tipulidae by most authors, though occasionally elevated to family rank. In the most recent classifications, only Pediciidae is now ranked as a separate family, due to considerations of paraphyly. In colloquial speech, crane flies are sometimes known as mosquito hawks or daddy longlegs, a term also used to describe opiliones or the family Pholcidae, both of which are arachnids. The larvae of crane flies are known commonly as leatherjackets.
Vulture bees, also known as carrion bees, are a small group of three closely related North American stingless bee species in the genus Trigona which feed on rotting meat. They substitute meat for pollen, but still make honey from nectar. This unusual behavior was only discovered in 1982, nearly two centuries after the bees were first classified.
Trigona is the largest genus of stingless bees, comprising over 80 species exclusively occurring in the New World, and formerly including many more subgenera than the present assemblage; many of these former subgenera have been elevated to generic status.
Bertholdia trigona, or Grote's bertholdia, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1879. It is prevalent in the southwestern United States.
Nephrotoma appendiculata, the spotted crane fly, is a species of crane fly.
Nephrotoma is a genus of crane flies.
Tipulinae is a subfamily of crane flies. It contains the typical crane flies from the genus Tipula.
Nephrotoma scurra is a species of crane fly found in most of Europe and the East Palearctic. It should not to be confused with the crane fly Pselliophora scurraAlexander, 1941, from the subfamily Ctenophorinae.
Trigona spinipes is a species of stingless bee. It occurs in Brazil, where it is called arapuá, aripuá, irapuá, japurá or abelha-cachorro ("dog-bee"). The species name means "spiny feet" in Latin. Trigona spinipes builds its nest on trees, out of mud, resin, wax, and assorted debris, including dung. Therefore, its honey is not fit for consumption, even though it is reputed to be of good quality by itself, and is used in folk medicine. Colonies may have from 5,000 to over 100,000 workers.
Trigona collina is one of the stingless bee species with reported nesting sites in Thailand.
Trigona corvina is a species of stingless bee that lives primarily in Central and South America. In Panama, they are sometimes known as zagañas. They live in protective nests high in the trees, but they can be extremely aggressive and territorial over their resources. They use their pheromones to protect their food sources and to signal their location to nest mates. This black stingless bees of the tribe Meliponini can be parasitic toward citrus trees but also helpful for crop pollination.
Trigona fuscipennis is a stingless bee species that originates in Mexico but is also found in Central and South America. They are an advanced eusocial group of bees and play a key role as pollinators in wet rainforests. The species has many common names, including "mapaitero", "sanharó", "abelha-brava", "xnuk", "k'uris-kab", "enreda", "corta-cabelo", "currunchos", "zagaño", and "enredapelos".
Nephrotoma flavipalpis is a species of crane flies in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma cornicina is a species of fly in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma occipitalis is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma virescens is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma byersi is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma pedunculata is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma tenuis is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
Nephrotoma alterna is a species of large crane fly in the family Tipulidae.
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