New Brunswick general election, 1920

Last updated
Rendition of party representation in the 35th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly decided by this election.
Liberals (24)
Conservatives (13)
United Farmers (9)
Labour (2) Nb-seating-1920.png
Rendition of party representation in the 35th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly decided by this election.
  Liberals (24)
  Conservatives (13)
  United Farmers (9)
  Labour (2)

The 15th New Brunswick general election was held on 9 October 1920, to elect 48 members to the 35th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly, the governing house of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Although political parties had no standing in law, twenty-four MLA declared themselves to be Liberals, thirteen declared themselves to be Conservatives, nine declared themselves to members of the United Farmers, and two declared themselves Farmer-Labour. [1]

Provinces and territories of Canada Top-level subdivisions of Canada

The provinces and territories of Canada are sub-national governments within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada —were united to form a federated colony, becoming a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second-largest country by area.

New Brunswick province in Canada

New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada. According to the Constitution of Canada, New Brunswick is the only bilingual province. About two thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones and a third francophones. One third of the population describes themselves as bilingual. Atypically for Canada, only about half of the population lives in urban areas, mostly in Greater Moncton, Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton.

Canada Country in North America

Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with 70% of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.

The election resulted in the first minority government in New Brunswick since the advent of responsible government in the 1840s.

A minority government, or minority cabinet or minority parliament, is a cabinet formed in a parliamentary system when a political party or coalition of parties does not have a majority of overall seats in the parliament. It is sworn into office, with or without the formal support of other parties, to enable a government to be formed. Under such a government, legislation can only be passed with the support of enough other members of the legislature to provide a majority, encouraging multi-partisanship. In bicameral parliaments, the term relates to the situation in chamber whose confidence is considered most crucial to the continuance in office of the government.

Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. Governments in Westminster democracies are responsible to parliament rather than to the monarch, or, in a colonial context, to the imperial government, and in a republican context, to the president, either in full or in part. If the parliament is bicameral, then the government is responsible first to the parliament's lower house, which is more representative than the upper house, as it has more members and they are always directly elected.

New Brunswick general election, 1920
Party Leader Seats
Government (Liberal) Walter Edward Foster 24
Opposition (Conservative) John Babington Macaulay Baxter 13
Opposition (United Farmers) 9
Opposition (Farmer-Labour) 2

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The New Brunswick order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the province of New Brunswick. It has no legal standing but is used to dictate ceremonial protocol at events of a provincial nature.

  1. The Queen of Canada
  2. The Lieutenant Governor
  3. The Premier
  4. The Chief Justice of New Brunswick
  5. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
  6. Former Lieutenant Governors
  7. Former Premiers
  8. Former Chief Justices of New Brunswick
  9. Ambassadors, High Commissioners, Ministers Plenipotentiary, and Chargé d'Affaires with precedence to their date of appointment
  10. Members of the Executive Council of New Brunswick with precedence in accordance with the Executive Council Act
  11. Leader of the Opposition
  12. Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench
  13. Members of the Senate
  14. Members of the House of Commons
  15. Judges of the Court of Appeal with precedence according to their date of appointment
  16. Judges of the Court of Queen's Bench with precedence according to their date of appointment
  17. Members of the Legislative Assembly in the following order: Deputy Speaker, Government House Leader, Opposition House Leader, Leaders of Unofficial Opposition Parties, other members with precedence according to their date and order of their swearing in as Members of the Legislature
  18. Elders and Chiefs of New Brunswick Indian Bands
  19. Leaders of religious denominations with precedence according to their date of appointment or election to the present office
  20. Chief Judge of the Provincial Court
  21. Judges of the Provincial Court with precedence according to their date of appointment
  22. Members of the Consular Corps in the following order: Consuls General, Consuls, Vice- Consuls, Honorary Consuls and Consular Agents with precedence among themselves according to their date of appointment
  23. Mayors of the Cities of New Brunswick in the following order: Fredericton, Saint John, Moncton, Edmundston, Campbellton, Bathurst, Miramichi and Dieppe
  24. Mayors of the Towns of New Brunswick with precedence among themselves according to the alphabetical order of the place-names
  25. Mayors of the Villages of New Brunswick with precedence according to the alphabetical order of the place-names
  26. Councillors of the Cities, Towns, and Villages of New Brunswick in the same order of precedence among themselves according to the alphabetical order of their surnames
  27. Clerk of the Legislative Assembly
  28. Ombudsman
  29. Auditor General
  30. Commissioner of Official Languages for New Brunswick
  31. Clerk of the Executive Council
  32. Deputy Heads of the Civil Service, with precedence according to their date of appointment
  33. Heads of Crown Corporations and Agencies, with precedence according to their date of appointment
  34. Assistant Commissioner of "J" Division, Royal Canadian Mounted Police
  35. Commander of Canadian Forces Base Gagetown
  36. Chancellors of New Brunswick Universities in the following order: University of New Brunswick, Mount Allison University, St. Thomas University and Université de Moncton
  37. Presidents of the Universities of New Brunswick in the same order of precedence as the Chancellors
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The 40th New Brunswick general election is scheduled to take place on or before October 17, 2022. The October 17 date is the result of an amendment made to the Legislative Assembly Act in 2017, causing an election to be held every four years, on the third Monday in October, beginning after the planned September 22, 2018 election. However, due to the current minority situation in the legislature, an election could occur sooner.

References

  1. E. R. Forbes, Delphin Andrew Muise The Atlantic Provinces in Confederation , University of Toronto Press, 1993, page 236