The provinces and territories of Canada are sub-national governments within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America—New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada —were united to form a federated colony, becoming a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second-largest country by area.
New Brunswick is one of four Atlantic provinces on the east coast of Canada. According to the Constitution of Canada, New Brunswick is the only bilingual province. About two thirds of the population declare themselves anglophones and a third francophones. One third of the population describes themselves as bilingual. Atypically for Canada, only about half of the population lives in urban areas, mostly in Greater Moncton, Greater Saint John and the capital Fredericton.
Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with 70% of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.
The Premier of New Brunswick is the first minister for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. They are the province's head of government and de facto chief executive.
Bernard Lord, ONB, QC, is a Canadian lawyer, business executive and former politician. He served as the 30th Premier of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2006. Lord was appointed as board chair of Ontario Power Generation in 2014.
The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a centre-right, conservative political party in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The party has its origins in the pre-Canadian confederation Conservative Party that opposed the granting of responsible government to the colony. It has historically followed the Red Tory tradition. The Progressive Conservative Party currently leads the provincial government since 2018 under Premier Blaine Higgs.
The campaign was hard fought with pundits and pollsters calling it too close to call throughout the five-week campaign. In the end, it was won by the Liberals led by Shawn Graham. The Liberals won 29 seats to 26 for the Progressive Conservatives, although the Progressive Conservatives won a plurality of the popular vote (47.5% to 47.2%).
Shawn Michael Graham is a Canadian politician, who served as the 31st Premier of New Brunswick. He was elected leader of the New Brunswick Liberal Party in 2002 and became premier after his party captured a majority of seats in the 2006 election. After being elected, Graham initiated a number of changes to provincial policy especially in the areas of health care, education and energy. His party was defeated in the New Brunswick provincial election held September 27, 2010, and Graham resigned as Liberal leader on November 9, 2010.
Unusually, the Liberals won 17 of the 36 predominantly anglophone ridings, their best showing in a competitive election in English New Brunswick since the 1944 election. The Conservatives conversely did better than they have ever done while losing an election among Francophone ridings.
Overview
Following the report of the Commission on Legislative Democracy in December 2004, which recommended fixed election dates beginning on October 15, 2007, PremierBernard Lord pledged to introduce legislation fixing election dates, beginning on that date. Due to this, and because it is tradition in New Brunswick to hold elections every four years, the Progressive Conservative government and media had routinely referred to this as the "2007 election" though early 2006. The oppositionLiberals however always pledged to try to force an early election.
The New Brunswick Liberal Association, more popularly known as the New Brunswick Liberal Party or Liberal Party of New Brunswick, is one of the two major provincial political parties in New Brunswick, Canada. The party descended from both the Confederation Party and the Anti-Confederation Party whose members split into left-wing and right-wing groups following the creation of Canada as a nation in 1867.
From February through May 2006, it seemed possible that the Liberals might be successful in their goal as on February 17, 2006 Michael Malley left the Progressive Conservative caucus creating a minority government situation, Malley later became Speaker and, as Speaker, controversially rejoined the government caucus. The situation remained difficult for some time as the Liberals gained control of several key committees upon Malley's defection and would not return control to the government as they did not recognize Malley's change of affiliation while speaker. On May 30, 2006, the House reaffirmed its confidence in Malley in a vote and on May 31, 2006 the government and opposition announced a truce to allow the House to function more easily including a legislative calendar through 2007. As a result, it seemed unlikely that the government would fall prior to its chosen date to go to the polls.
Michael "Tanker" Malley is a Canadian former politician in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented the riding of Miramichi-Bay du Vin in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2006 and served as Speaker of the Assembly for part of 2006.
A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The term originated in the United States, but has spread to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and Nepal. As the use of the term has been expanded, the exact definition has come to vary among political cultures.
A minority government, or minority cabinet or minority parliament, is a cabinet formed in a parliamentary system when a political party or coalition of parties does not have a majority of overall seats in the parliament. It is sworn into office, with or without the formal support of other parties, to enable a government to be formed. Under such a government, legislation can only be passed with the support of enough other members of the legislature to provide a majority, encouraging multi-partisanship. In bicameral parliaments, the term relates to the situation in chamber whose confidence is considered most crucial to the continuance in office of the government.
However, Peter Mesheau, a Progressive Conservative MLA who had already announced that he would not run for re-election, said he would have to resign his seat as he had accepted a job in the private sector. Lord said that he would not face another hung parliament and announced on August 10, 2006 that he would seek an election date of September 18. On August 18, Lord asked Lieutenant-GovernorHerménégilde Chiasson to dissolve the legislature and set the election date.[2]
The emerging key issues of the campaign seem to be leadership and energy prices. The Progressive Conservatives have for some years questioned the leadership abilities of Shawn Graham, the leader of the opposition while the Liberals have been focusing on energy in general as a theme for some time. Moreover, energy has come to the forefront due to the introduction of gas price regulation by Lord's government on July 1, 2006 and the Liberals announced their energy platform prior to beginning of the campaign.
The Progressive Conservative party were again be led by Bernard Lord and the Liberal Party by Shawn Graham.
The campaign was derided by journalists and political scientists as boring in part because much of the campaign was before Labour Day when many families were still taking summer holidays and also because the overall aspects of the two main parties were similar.
There were three English language debates and two French languages debates with some being declared draws, some wins for Lord and some wins for Graham by the experts. Opinion polls showed the Conservatives with a lead in the early days of the campaign but the last few weeks showed ties or slight edges to the Liberals within the margin of error.
On election day, Shawn Graham and the Liberals won the most seats, however they lost the popular vote. Bernard Lord was the first premier not elected to a third term since Hugh John Flemming lost his bid for a third term in the 1960 election while the NDP suffered a considerable blow being shut out of the legislature despite having won a seat in 5 of the last 6 elections and seeing their popular vote slip 4% to their worst showing since the 1974 election.
Issues
The Fredericton Daily Gleaner reported on August 11, 2006 that they had asked the leaders of each party for what they thought the key issues of the campaign would be:
Benard Lord, PC Leader: jobs, the economy, health care and senior care
Shawn Graham, Liberal Leader: education, economic development and energy
October 8, 2004 - Elizabeth Weir resigns as leader of the New Brunswick NDP after leading her party through four elections.
June 30, 2005 - The Electoral Boundaries and Representation Act is passed in the legislature, which sets forth a process under which the province will have new electoral districts.
September 25, 2005 - Allison Brewer is elected leader of the NDP at a leadership convention.
October 13, 2005 - Elizabeth Weir resigns her seat in the legislature, a by-election is called two days later for November 14. The Tories and Liberals both announce high-profile candidates and the media speculates that the winner of the by-election will have the momentum going into the general election. Weir's NDP, which was caught without notice of her resignation, is expected by pundits to finish third.
November 14, 2005 - The Liberals win a by-election in a seat formerly held by NDP MLA Elizabeth Weir, defeating Conservative star candidate Michelle Hooton, who many considered the frontrunner, by a 2 to 1 margin.
January 7, 2006 - Over the course of his beginning of year interviews, Lord reveals that he will introduced legislation fixing election dates, beginning with a date in 2007.
February 14, 2006 - Lord announces a major cabinet shuffle moving over half of his ministers, changing several departments and dumping three of his most well known ministers, two of whom say they are leaving as they will not be candidates in the next election. In the meantime he adds former minister Brenda Fowlie back to cabinet and SpeakerBev Harrison who will have to resign from his non-partisan post.
Independent MLA Michael Malley is elected Speaker of the legislature. This makes the standings of the ordinarily voting members of the legislature 27 Progressive Conservatives, 26 Liberals, 1 Independent. Malley, as Speaker, would only vote in the case of a tie and, by tradition, would normally vote in favour of confidence motions. Thus an election at a time other than Lord's choosing is unlikely.
Finance MinisterJeannot Volpe introduces what he calls a "super good budget" in which the government provides tax credits for heating costs, eliminates the Harmonized Sales Tax from heating costs, regulates the prices of gasoline and home heating oil, personal and small business tax cuts, investments in struggling forestry companies, hiring 240 more teachers for the public school system and no longer using the value of the homes of seniors as an offset to the level of support they can receive in a nursing home.
April 13, 2006 - Malley announces from the speaker's chair that he is rejoining the government caucus. Government House Leader Bev Harrison argues that this restores the government majority and that therefore, the Liberals should honour a previous agreement to preserve a working majority on committees of the whole. The Liberals argued that it is improper for a speaker to change his affiliation and refuse to recognize the government as a majority. The legislature becomes somewhat deadlocked as the government controls the primary debate of the chamber, but the opposition controls the votes at committees where legislation and budgetary estimates are approved.
May 1, 2006 - The Liberals offer to end the growing deadlock in the legislature by having Malley resign the speakership and placing one of their own members up for election as speaker. Under such an arrangement, the Conservatives would have 28 voting members, the Liberals 25 and the one independent Frank Branch. In exchange for giving the government this working majority, they demand an election be held on September 25, 2006. Lord rejects this offer.
May 30, 2006 - A Liberal motion to remove Malley from the speakership is defeated 27-25. The Liberals therefore accept the legitimacy of the Speaker becoming a member of the Progressive Conservative caucus.[3]
May 31, 2006 - Government House Leader Bev Harrison and Opposition House Leader Kelly Lamrock announce an agreement to end stalement in the House. The Liberals, again recognizing the government's majority, will pair with the Speaker in Committees of the Whole and will guarantee passage of the budget by June 16. In return, the government will allow the opposition to chair four committees, including a new committee on literacy, pass several opposition bills and hold fall sittings of the legislature.[4]
June 12, 2006 - Corporate Research Associates, which conducts a quarterly opinion poll in New Brunswick, releases a survey conducted May 17 to June 6 showing that the Progressive Conservatives have taken a lead over the Liberals for the first time since August 2003.
June 20, 2006 - Lord announces he will introduce legislation fixing election dates on the third Monday of October beginning with an election on October 15, 2007.
August 1, 2006 - The New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal reports that former minister Peter Mesheau is set to resign from the legislature which would cause another minority government. Lord says he will not face another minority and will call an election if this happens.
August 8, 2006 - The Fredericton Daily Gleaner reports that Lord will meet Mesheau on August 11 and an election call is expected later that day.
August 10, 2006 - Bernard Lord confirms that the election will be held on September 18, 2006, although an election call is not expected until August 19.
August 14, 2006 - The Canadian Taxpayers Federation and the Liberals criticize Lord and his ministers for making election style announcements using government resources, something that would be forbidden after the election is formally called.
August 16, 2006 - The Liberal Party begins airing television and radio commercials and erecting billboards.
August 18, 2006 - Lord asks Lieutenant-GovernorHerménégilde Chiasson to dissolve the legislature, one day earlier than he originally suggested he would catching the other parties off guard, and sets the election date for September 18.
September 1, 2006 - Candidate nominations are due. The Liberals and Progressive Conservatives field full slates in all 55 ridings, while the NDP, with 48 candidates, fails to do so for the first time since 1982.
September 5, 2006 - It is announced that Radio-Canada, the French language arm of CBC, will not provide simultaneous translation for NDP leader Allison Brewer in their televised debate. As a result, Brewer announces she will not participate, leaving only Bernard Lord and Shawn Graham in the French leader's debate. All three leaders will participate in the English debate. The NDP late files a complaint with the Radio-Canada ombudsman.
September 7, 2006:
The Liberals release their election platform entitled "Charter for Change"
The three leaders participate in an English leaders' debate on CBC and PC leader Bernard Lord and Liberal leader Shawn Graham participate in a French leaders' debate on Radio-Canada (the French arm of CBC). Both were pre-taped and air simultaneously. Most pundits say that the debates will not sway many voters as there was no clear winner but some suggest Lord won the English debate while Graham won the French.
September 13, 2006 - The Progressive Conservatives release their platform "Getting Results Together".
September 14, 2006 - Innovative Research Group releases a poll commissioned by CTV which shows the Liberals at 45%, the PCs at 43% and the NDP at 11%.
September 15, 2006 - Omnifacts Bristol releases a poll showing the PCs and Liberals tied at 46% with the NDP at 7%.
September 18, 2006 - Election Day, polls open at 10:00am local time and close at 8:00pm.
8:51 PM: CTV Atlantic projects a Liberal majority government.
8:54 PM: CBC projects a Liberal majority government.
September 20, 2006 - Premier-designate Shawn Graham meets with outgoing Premier Bernard Lord and appoints a transition team. The team will be chaired by Doug Tyler and consist of Tyler, Allan Maher and Donald Savoie.
October 3, 2006 - Graham and his cabinet are to be sworn-in on this date.
Political parties
The ruling Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick (PC Party) sought a third mandate and try to secure a larger, more workable majority government. They held 28 of 55 seats prior to dissolution and were led by PremierBernard Lord who was fighting his third election as leader. They won 26 seats in the election, becoming the official opposition.
The Conservatives used "Getting Results Together" for their campaign slogan.
The oppositionNew Brunswick Liberal Association returned to power after suffering their worst ever defeat and winning only 10 seats in 1999 election, and after coming within 10 votes in the riding of Kennebecasis of tying the PCs with 27 seats each in the 2003 election. They held 27 of 55 seats prior to dissolution, and were led by Shawn Graham, who will fought his second election as leader. They won 29 seats and formed the government.
The Liberals will be using "People for A Change" for their campaign slogan.
The New Brunswick New Democratic Party (NDP) fought its first election without Elizabeth Weir as leader in almost two decades. Many New Brunswickers viewed the NDP and Weir as interchangeable. Weir held the party's only seat in the legislature but she resigned and the Liberal won it in a by-election. The NDP electedAllison Brewer as their new leader on September 25, 2005, she tried to convince New Brunswickers that the NDP was not a one-woman-party. Whether she achieved that goal or not is impossible to tell, but the results of the election were disappointing for the NDP, they failed to win any seats and had their lowest showing in the popular vote (5.1%) since the 1974 election.
The NDP used "Clear Voice, Clear Choice" as their campaign slogan.
Opinion polls
The only inter-election opinion polling regularly conducted in New Brunswick is by the Halifax, Nova Scotia-based Corporate Research Associates. Every CRA poll from the November 2003 to June 2006 showed the Liberals in the lead by varying amounts. However, their last pre-election poll, released on June 12, 2006, showed the Progressive Conservatives making a comeback with 45% to 39% for the Liberals and 9% for the NDP. The CRA poll conducted during the 2003 election campaign showed the Liberals and PCs tied at 41% each, the only polling company to predict the close result that became of that campaign.
Polls conducted during the election campaign - Figures represent decided voters
Polling firm
Dates
PC Party
Liberal
NDP
Omnifacts Bristol
September 10 to 13, 2006
46%
46%
7%
Innovative Research Group
September 8 to 10, 2006
43%
45%
11%
Corporate Research Associates
September 7 to 10, 2006
42%
44%
10%
Omnifacts Bristol*
September 5 to 7, 2006
50%
44%
5%
Corporate Research Associates
August 17 to August 30, 2006
45%
38%
10%
Omnifacts Bristol
August 22 to 24, 2006
46%
45%
8%
* This poll reused the same sample as the August 22–24 poll and is therefore not a random sampling and not technically an opinion poll.
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