Nicolay Nicolaysen | |
|---|---|
 Nicolay Nicolaysen | |
| Born | 14 January 1817 Bergen, Norway |
| Died | 22 January 1911 (aged 94) Oslo, Norway |
| Nationality |  Norway |
| Alma mater | University of Oslo |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Archaeology |
Nicolay Nicolaysen (14 January 1817 - 22 January 1911) was a Norwegian archaeologist and Norway's first state employed antiquarian. He is perhaps best known for his excavations of the ship burial at Gokstad in 1880. [1]
Nicolay Nicolaysen was born in Bergen to merchant and bank administrator Lyder Wentzel Nicolaysen (1794–1876) and Sophia Susanna Siewers (1797–1826). He was the half-brother of professor of medicine Julius Nicolaysen (1831–1909). Nicolaysen graduated from the University of Christiania now (University of Oslo) and became cand.jur. in 1841. In 1845 he was employed as a copyist in the Ministry of Audit and in 1858 an assistant at the National Archives (Riksarkivet). [1] [2] [3]
In 1851, Nicolay Nicolaysen was a founding member of the Society for the Preservation of Ancient Norwegian Monuments, of which he was president from 1851 to 1899. He also took active part in the restoration of the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim and of the Hall of Haakon IV (Håkonshallen) in Bergen. He was active in the founding the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design (Nasjonalmuseet for kunst, arkitektur og design) and was a proponent of the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry. [4] [5]
In 1852, Nicolaysen led the first investigations at the Borre mound cemetery (Borrehaugene) at Horten, Vestfold. The excavations uncovered an extensive selection of craft work of a stylistic form which has subsequently become known as the Borre style. Many of the artefacts recovered during these excavations are presently on display at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. [1] [6]
Nicolaysen also carried out excavations of Munkeliv Abbey located at Nordnes in Bergen in 1857 and 1860. Here, well-crafted structural fragments were recovered. These can be found on display in the Museum of Cultural History (Kulturhistorisk Museum), part of Bergen Museum, and include a marble head of 12th-century Norwegian monarch Øystein Magnusson. [7] [8]
The first excavations of the Kaupang area were undertaken in 1867. Nicolaysen mapped one of the mound cemeteries around the former town, and he excavated 79 burial mounds. He did not, however, investigate the urban settlement associated with the cemeteries. Later excavations indicate that Kaupang was one of the first urban settlements of some significance in Norway. [4] [9]
Nicolay Nicolaysen is perhaps most famous for excavating the Gokstad ship burial (Gokstadfunnet) at Gokstad farm in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold in 1880. Currently the Gokstad ship (Gokstadskipet), together with a burial chamber, two small boats and two tent boards from the burial chamber are displayed in the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo. [4] [10] [11]
In 1861, he married Anne Thue Christie (1831–1928). They were the parents of physician Lyder Wentzel Christie Nicolaysen (1866–1927). Nicolay Nicolaysen died during 1911 at Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway. [12]
Vestfold[ˈvɛ̂stfɔɫ](listen) is a traditional region, a former county and a current electoral district in Eastern Norway. In 2020 the county became part of the much larger county of Vestfold og Telemark. Located on the western shore of the Oslofjord, it bordered the previous Buskerud and Telemark counties. The county administration was located in Tønsberg, Norway's oldest city, and the largest city is Sandefjord. With the exception of the city-county of Oslo, Vestfold was the smallest county in Norway by area. Vestfold was the only county in which all municipalities had declared Bokmål to be their sole official written form of the Norwegian language.
The Gokstad ship is a 9th-century Viking ship found in a burial mound at Gokstad in Sandar, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway. It is displayed at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway. It is the largest preserved Viking ship in Norway. It is also the largest Viking ship ever found.
Borre mound cemetery forms part of the Borre National Park at Horten in Vestfold og Telemark, Norway. It is the largest burial mound site in Northern Europe.
Haakon Shetelig was a Norwegian archaeologist, historian and museum director. He was a pioneer in archaeology known for his study of art from the Viking era in Norway. He is most frequently associated with his work on the Oseberg ship (Osebergfunnet) near Tønsberg, Norway.
Thomas von Westen Engelhart was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Liberal Party.
Tjølling is a former municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. Tjølling was established as a municipality January 1, 1838. Together with Brunlanes, Stavern and Hedrum, it was merged into Larvik on January 1, 1988.
Knut Helle was a Norwegian historian. A professor at the University of Bergen from 1973 to 2000, he specialized in the late medieval history of Norway. He has contributed to several large works.
Munkeliv Abbey was a Benedictine abbey located at Nordnes in Bergen, Norway. It was one of the oldest monasteries in Norway, and also one of the wealthiest and best-documented. There are no visible remains today.
Nils Christian Tønsberg was a Norwegian publisher and author. Christian Tønsberg became one of the larger Norwegian publishers and was best known for illustrated books about Norway.
Anders Reidar Kjellberg was a Norwegian art historian and museum director.
Johan Wallace Hagelsteen Bøgh was a Norwegian museum director and art historian based in the city of Bergen.
Daniel Smith Thrap was a Norwegian priest, historian and author.
Alf Bøe was a Norwegian art historian, educator, curator and author.
Carsten Henrik Hopstock was a Norwegian museum curator and art historian.
The Norwegian Museum of Decorative Arts and Design is a museum in Oslo, Norway. Its collection includes clothing, textile, furniture, silver, glass, ceramics, and handicrafts. Since 2003, the museum has been administratively a part of the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design.
Julius Nicolaysen was a Norwegian professor of medicine.
Joachim Christian Geelmuyden Gyldenkrantz Frich was a Norwegian landscape painter. He was associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting (Düsseldorf-skolen).
Ulrik Frederik de Cicignon was a Norwegian military officer. He is best known for his part in Strilekrigen, an 18th-century farmer's rebellion, in Bergen.
Charlotte Blindheim was a Norwegian archaeologist. She was the first female member of the scientific staff at the University of Oslo to be permanently employed when she hired as the museum curator in 1946.
The Gokstad Mound is a large burial mound at Gokstad Farm in Sandefjord in Vestfold County, Norway. It is also known as the King's Mound (Kongshaugen) and is where the 9th century Gokstad Ship was found.
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