During President Ronald Reagan's presidency,he nominated two people for the Supreme Court and at least twelve people for various federal appellate judgeships who were not confirmed. In some cases,the nominations were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee before Reagan's presidency ended,while in other cases,nominees were rejected by the Senate Judiciary Committee or even blocked by unfriendly members of the Republican Party. Three of the nominees were renominated by Reagan's successor,President George H. W. Bush. Two of the nominees,Ferdinand Francis Fernandez and Guy G. Hurlbutt,were nominated after July 1,1988,the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond Rule during a presidential election year. Eight of the thirteen seats eventually were filled by appointees of President George H. W. Bush.
Jacqueline Hong-Ngoc Nguyen is an American lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She previously served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California from 2009 to 2012 and as a California superior court judge from 2002 to 2009.
Lucy Haeran Koh is an American lawyer serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She is the first Korean American woman to serve on a federal appellate court in the United States. Koh previously served as a U.S. district judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California from 2010 to 2021. She also served as a California state court judge of the Santa Clara County Superior Court from 2008 to 2010.
U.S. President Barack Obama nominated over 400 individuals for federal judgeships during his presidency. Of these nominations,Congress confirmed 329 judgeships,173 during the 111th &112th Congresses and 156 during the 113th and 114th Congresses.
Florence Yu Pan is an American attorney who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. She is a former associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
Donald Trump,President of the United States from 2017 to 2021,entered office with a significant number of judicial vacancies,including a Supreme Court vacancy due to the death of Antonin Scalia in February 2016. During the first eight months of his presidency,he nominated approximately 50 judges,a significantly higher number than any other recent president had made by that point in his presidency. By June 24,2020,200 of his Article III nominees had been confirmed by the United States Senate. According to multiple media outlets,Trump significantly impacted the composition of the Supreme Court and lower courts during his tenure.
Peter Joseph Phipps is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Stephanie Dawkins Davis is an American lawyer who is serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. She previously served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan and a former United States magistrate judge of the same court.
Tiffany Patrice Cunningham is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Veronica Sophia Rossman is a Russian-born American jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
Sarah Ann Leilani Merriam is an American attorney serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. She is a former United States magistrate judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut and former district judge of the same court.
Gabriel Patrick Sanchez is an American lawyer and judge who is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. He served an associate judge of the California Court of Appeal,First Appellate District from 2018 to 2022.
Holly Aiyisha Thomas is an American attorney serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. She previously served as a judge of the Los Angeles County Superior Court from 2018 to 2022.
Cindy Kyounga Chung is an American lawyer serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. She previously served as United States attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania from 2021 to 2023.
Ana Isabel de Alba is an American attorney who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California. In April 2023,she was announced as a nominee to serve as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
President Joe Biden began his presidency with fewer vacancies to fill than his predecessor. He pledged to nominate people with diverse backgrounds and professional experience,and also pledged to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Lara Elizabeth Montecalvo is an American lawyer from Rhode Island who is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
Doris Lenea Pryor is an American lawyer who is serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. She served as a United States magistrate judge for the Southern District of Indiana from 2018 to 2022.
