Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. She previously served as the eighth vice president from 1999 to 2001.
Abdurrahman Wahid,though more colloquially known as Gus Dur,was an Indonesian politician and Islamic religious leader who served as the 4th president of Indonesia,from his election in 1999 until his removal from power in 2001. A long time leader within the Nahdlatul Ulama organization,he was the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB). He was the son of Minister of Religious Affairs Wahid Hasyim,and the grandson of Nahdatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari. He had a visual impairment caused by glaucoma;he was blind in the left eye and partially blind in his right eye. He was the first and as of 2023 the only president of Indonesia to have had physical disabilities.
The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle is a marhaen populist Indonesian political party. It is the ruling and largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR) of Indonesia. The party is currently led by Megawati Sukarnoputri,who served as the President of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. It is also the party of the current president,Joko Widodo.
The Party of Functional Groups,often known by its abbreviation Golkar,is a political party in Indonesia. It was founded as the Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups in 1964,and participated for the first time in national elections in 1971 as Functional Groups. Golkar was not officially a political party until 1999,when it was required to become a party in order to contest elections.
The United Development Party is an Islamist political party in Indonesia. Due to its distinctive logo,the party is known as the "Kaaba Party".
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 5 July and 20 September 2004. As no candidate won a majority in the first round,a runoff was held,in which Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri and was elected president. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Indonesia;prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia,both the president and vice president had been elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Wiranto is an Indonesian politician and retired army general,who is serving as the chairman of the Presidential Advisory Council,since December 2019. Previously,he was the Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces from February 1998 to October 1999 during Indonesia's transition from authoritarian rule to democracy,he ran unsuccessfully for President of Indonesia in 2004 and for the vice-presidency in 2009. On 27 July 2016,Wiranto was appointed Coordinating Minister for Political,Legal,and Security Affairs,replacing Luhut Binsar Panjaitan.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono,commonly referred to by his initials SBY,is an Indonesian politician and retired army general who served as the sixth president of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014. A member of the Democratic Party of Indonesia,he served as the 4th leader of the Democratic Party from 2014 until 2020,8th and 10th coordinating minister of politics and security affairs of Indonesia from 2000 until 2001,and again from 2001 until 2004. He also served as the president of the Assembly and chair of the Council of the Global Green Growth Institute. He was also the former chairman of ASEAN due to Indonesia's hosting of the 18th and 19th ASEAN Summits.
Muhammad Amien Rais is an Indonesian politician. He was one of the leaders of the reform movement that forced the resignation of President Suharto in 1998. Amien Rais was the leader of Muhammadiyah,one of the two biggest Muslim organizations in Indonesia,from 1995 to 2000. He was the Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) from 1999 to 2004. During his chairmanship,the MPR passed a series of amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia. These amendments,among other things,established direct presidential elections,a presidential term limit,and the Constitutional Court.
Muhammad Jusuf Kalla is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the 10th and 12th vice president of Indonesia,the only vice president in Indonesian history to serve two non-consecutive terms in office. He was unsuccessful as Golkar's presidential nominee in the 2009 presidential election. Before Kalla declared himself as the running mate for Joko Widodo in the 2014 presidential election,a 2012 poll placed his popularity among likely voters in the top three contenders for the presidency and ahead of his own party's nominee Aburizal Bakrie.
The Prosperous Justice Party,frequently abbreviated to PKS,is an Islamist political party in Indonesia.
The National Mandate Party,frequently abbreviated to PAN,is an Islam-based political party in Indonesia.
The Post-Suharto era is the contemporary history in Indonesia,which began with the resignation of authoritarian president Suharto on 21 May 1998. Since his resignation,the country has been in a period of transition known as the Reform era. This period has been characterised by a more open political-social environment and grassroots economic improvement.
Yusril Ihza Mahendra is an Indonesian lawyer,politician and academic,who is currently serving as the leader of the Crescent Star Party (PBB) since 2015. Previously,he served as the leader of the PBB from 1998 until 2005,Minister of Justice and Human Rights from 2004 until 2007,and member of the People's Representative Council from 1999 until 2009.
Agum Gumelar is a politician and former general of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. He is a former minister having held several positions,a former chairman of Indonesian Football Association and National Sports Committee of Indonesia. He is an alumnus of the National Military Academy in Magelang,Central Java and Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University in Bandung,West Java. In 1998,he received a master's degree from American World University,an organization forbidden to operate in 2005 because of its diploma mill action.
The National Unity Cabinet was the Indonesian Cabinet which served under President Abdurrahman Wahid and Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri from 29 October 1999 until 23 July 2001. The Cabinet was formed after Wahid and Megawati were elected President and Vice President by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The Cabinet was originally designed to look after the interests of the various political parties and the Indonesian National Armed Forces but this notion quickly disappeared as Wahid's presidency began to break down.
Achmad Hasyim Muzadi was an Indonesian Islamic scholar and cleric who served as chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama,from 1999 to 2010. The founder and director of the Al-Hikam Islamic boarding school,he was a proponent of moderate Islam,which he defined as being neither radical nor liberal,and criticized both Islamic fundamentalism and Islamic liberalism. Hasyim was the vice presidential running mate of President Megawati Sukarnoputri in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election,though the ticket was defeated in a runoff. He subsequently served in the Presidential Advisory Council from 2015 until his death.
Ma'ruf Amin is an Indonesian politician,Islamic cleric,and lecturer who is the 13th and current vice president of Indonesia. Aged nearly 76 years old when inaugurated,he is the oldest Indonesian vice president to ever be sworn in.
Mohammad Idris Abdul Shomad is an Indonesian politician who has served as mayor of Depok since 2016. Active in various Islamic organizations in Indonesia,he was first elected in the 2015 local elections and was officially made mayor in 2016. Prior to becoming mayor,he served as deputy between 2011 and 2016.
Ismail Hasan Metareum was a politician from the United Development Party. He served as the party's chairman from 1989 until 1998,the vice chairman of the People's Representative Council from 1997 until 1999,and vice chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council.
