Obedjiwan

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Obedjiwan
Opitciwan
First Nations reserve
Elements architectoniques sur une maison d'Obedjiwan.jpg
The roof of an Obedjiwan house
Canada Central Quebec location map.png
Red pog.svg
Obedjiwan
Coordinates: 48°40′14″N74°55′43″W / 48.67056°N 74.92861°W / 48.67056; -74.92861
Country Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Province Flag of Quebec.svg  Quebec
Region Mauricie
Census division La Tuque
Settled1825 (trading post)
FormationMarch 21, 1950 (reserve)
Government
[1]
 • ChiefJean-Claude Méquish
 • Federal riding Saint-Maurice—Champlain
 • Prov. riding Laviolette
Area
[1] [2]
 • Total9.27 km2 (3.58 sq mi)
 • Land8.26 km2 (3.19 sq mi)
Population
 (2021) [2]
 • Total1,991
 • Density241.1/km2 (624/sq mi)
Time zone UTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
Postal Code
G0W 3B0
Area code 819
Website www.opitciwan.ca
Vue sur le reservoir Gouin - Obedjiwan, Quebec Obedjiwan-2022.jpg
Vue sur le réservoir Gouin - Obedjiwan, Quebec

Obedjiwan (officially designated as Obedjiwan 28) is a First Nations reserve and village on the north shore of Gouin Reservoir in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. It belongs to the Atikamekw of Opitciwan band of the Atikamekw Nation. [3]

Contents

Geography

Route 1046 north of Obedjiwan Pont sans limite pres d'Obedjiwan.jpg
Route 1046 north of Obedjiwan
Forest road 0212 en route to Obedjiwan Route 0212 vers Obedjiwan pres du moulin Chibougamau.jpg
Forest road 0212 en route to Obedjiwan

Obedjiwan reserve is situated on the north shore of Gouin Reservoir, at 143 kilometres (89 mi) (direct line) south of Chibougamau, 118 kilometres (73 mi) north of Wemotaci and 217 kilometres (135 mi) northwest of La Tuque. The reserve is located between Lake Kamitcikamac (west) and Wopisiw Bay (East). In front (south side), there is the tip Martel Kiwam jutting into the lake Mamette.

The reserve is an enclave within the City of La Tuque. It is the most isolated Atikamekw reserve in Quebec. It is accessible by a long gravel forest road of 146 kilometres (91 mi), which reaches towards the east Quebec Route 167 linking Saint-Félicien to Chibougamau. Hence the distance by road to reach Chibougamau is 124 kilometres (77 mi). From Obedjiwan, Forest road 1045 reaches westward Forest Road 1009, built in the north-south axis to circumvent the Gouin Reservoir to the west; this road goes up to Chapais. The road distance between Obedjiwan and La Tuque is 319 km (198 miles), with a forest road bypassing the Gouin Reservoir on the east side. Toward West, the distance Obedjiwan-Senneterre is 260 kilometres (160 mi). In this context of distance, the aircraft is a mode of transportation widely used.

Etymology

The word Obedjiwan, written in the standardized Atikamekw spelling as Opitciwan, comes from the roots oba or obe meaning "strait", and djwan meaning "running". So, it can be translated as "current of the strait/narrows/pass". [4]

The name, first attributed to the lake, has undergone many spelling variations. In 1825, when the Hudson's Bay Company set up a post, they called it Waupatchinauganiskau, which is understood to be the original form of the toponym. In 1871, explorer John P. Bignell visited the place and made mention of the name Obidjouan. In 1904, the Fifth Report of the Geographic Board of Canada called it Obiduan and this remained the accepted form until 1964. Other variations included Obijuan and Wabijiwoine. [4]

History

The area of the upper Saint-Maurice River had long been the homeland of the Atikamekw indigenous people. Lake Obedjiwan (a lake at the headwaters of the Saint-Maurice River that was inundated during the construction of Gouin Reservoir) was located along important canoe routes to Lac Saint-Jean via Lake Necouba (Lac Nicabau) and to James Bay. In the 17th century, and perhaps since prehistoric times, the shores of this lake were a gathering and trading place for the Atikamekw, as well as other indigenous people of surrounding areas, where they engaged in social, economic, and cultural interaction. The Atikamekw procured wheat, flour, and perhaps firearms from the Hurons, in exchange for moose or beaver skins. [5]

Map of the planned Indian Reserve of Obijuan (Obedjiwan) in 1914 Map of the Planned Indian Reserve of Obijuan (Obedjiwan).jpg
Map of the planned Indian Reserve of Obijuan (Obedjiwan) in 1914

In 1825, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and the King's Posts Company established trading posts on Lake Obedjiwan, that quickly attracted indigenous hunters not only from the area, but also from the eastern James Bay and the upper Ottawa River regions. In 1840, the Hudson's Bay Company deserted Lake Obedjiwan and settled at Kikendatch Lake (now Kikendatch Bay at the outlet of Gouin Reservoir). Yet in 1911, the HBC transferred its Kikendatch Post back to Lake Obedjiwan, causing the Atikamekw also to return to the area. The HBC wanted to move away from competing dealers who undermined its trade at Kikendatch while the Atikamekw liked to avoid Europeans who became more and more numerous in the south. At that time, there was still no real settlement although the Oblates built a chapel in 1916, which was located on the left bank of the Saint-Maurice River opposite of the HBC Post, separated by the Obedjiwan Narrows. [4] [5]

Atikamekw, HBC, Lake Obedjiwan Lac Obedjiwan - Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson - Atikamekw.jpg
Atikamekw, HBC, Lake Obedjiwan

The area experienced a great change when the dam at La Loutre was constructed in 1917. The reservoir forming behind the dam flooded not only hundreds of lakes, including Lake Obediwan, but also the old settlement and its archaeological sites. A new village, 3 kilometers (2 miles) west at the current location, was not actually built until 1925 following arduous negotiations with the Commission des eaux courantes. [4] [5]

On December 31, 1941, the Quebec Government proclaimed the Lands and Forests Act that provided for the reservation of lands for the benefit of "Indians". On January 14, 1944, an area of 2,290 acres (9.3 km2) in the geographic township of Toussaint was transferred from the Government of Quebec to the Government of Canada, and was officially established as the "Obiduan Indian Reserve" on March 21, 1950. It was renamed to "Obedjiwan Indian Reserve" on January 23, 1964. [6]

In 2002, the Atikamekw of Opitciwan initiated claims with the government of Canada in order to get compensated for the land and the goods lost in the flooding, the delay in the creation of the reserve, and the inadequate size of the reserve created. The claims are still ongoing. [7]

Land history

Gouin reservoir circles the village. Reservoir Gouin a Obedjiwan (2).jpg
Gouin reservoir circles the village.
Obedjiwan Lake Obedj.jpg
Obedjiwan Lake

Current situation

Demographics

Canada census – Obedjiwan community profile
2021 2011
Population1,991 (-1.4% from 2016)2031 (14.0% from 2006)
Land area8.26 km2 (3.19 sq mi)8.68 km2 (3.35 sq mi)
Population density241.1/km2 (624/sq mi)234.1/km2 (606/sq mi)
Median age23.2 (M: 22.8, F: 23.4)20.7 (M: 20.3, F: 21.4)
Total private dwellings425463
Median household income
References: 2021 [9] 2011 [10] earlier [11] [12]

Historic populations: [13]

Language

Atikamekw language is still spoken by the vast majority of families, and therefore it is among the indigenous languages least threatened with extinction according to some studies. The language has some similarities with the Cree language spoken by the Cree communities of southern Quebec (Waswanipi and Oujé-Bougoumou). This parallel development of both languages may be the result of the frequent interaction between the nearby Cree and Atikamekw. The second language used in Obedjiwan is French. [14]

Mother tongue: [2]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gouin Reservoir</span> Reservoir in Quebec, Canada

The Gouin Reservoir is a man-made lake, fully within the boundaries of the City of La Tuque, Quebec, Canada. It is not one contiguous body of water, but the collective name for a series of connected lakes separated by innumerable bays, peninsulas, and islands with highly irregular shapes. It has therefore a relative long shoreline of over 5,600 km (3,500 mi) compared to its surface area of 1,570 km2 (610 sq mi). It is the source of the Saint-Maurice River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toussaint River</span> River in Quebec, Canada

The Toussaint River is a tributary of the north shore of the Gouin Reservoir, flowing in Quebec, in Canada in the administrative region of:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kakospictikweak River</span> River in Quebec, Canada

The Kakospictikweak River is a tributary of the North Shore of Gouin Reservoir, sinking in Quebec, Canada in the administrative region of Mauricie of:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean-Pierre River</span> Tributary of Jean-Pierre Bay in Quebec, Canada

The Jean-Pierre River is a tributary of the Jean-Pierre Bay, on the south shore of the Gouin Reservoir, flowing into the territory of the town of La Tuque, into the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leblanc River</span> River in Quebec, Canada

The Leblanc River is a tributary of the De La Galette River, flowing on the south shore of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the Mauricie administrative region, in Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kikendatch Bay</span>

The Kikendatch Bay is a freshwater body that leads to the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of La Tuque, in Haute-Mauricie, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemio River</span> River in Quebec, Canada

The Nemio River is a tributary of the south shore of the Gouin Reservoir, flowing in the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tessier Lake</span>

The Tessier Lake is a freshwater body located on the south side of the southwestern part of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The Faucher River is a tributary of Tessier Lake located on the southwestern side of the Gouin Reservoir. This river runs in the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.

Bignell Creek is a tributary of the Adolphe-Poisson Bay located on the southwestern side of the Gouin Reservoir. This stream runs entirely in forest zone in the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plamondon Bay</span>

Plamondon Bay is a body of freshwater located in the western part of Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Du Mâle Lake (Gouin Reservoir)</span> Lake of dam in La Tuque

The Male Lake is a freshwater body located in the western part of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bourgeois Lake</span> Lake of dam in La Tuque

The Bourgeois Lake is a freshwater body located in the north central part of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thibodeau Bay</span> Lake of dam in La Tuque

Thibodeau Bay is a freshwater body located in the north central part of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

The Piponisiw River is a tributary of Simard Lake located in the western part of the Gouin Reservoir, flowing entirely into the forest zone in the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, Quebec, Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Simard Lake (Gouin Reservoir)</span> Lake of reservoir in La Tuque

The Simard Lake is a freshwater body located in the northwestern part of Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Du Poète Lake</span> Lake of dam in La Tuque

Du Poète Lake is a freshwater lake that has become the "Du Poète Reservoir", located west of the Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the city of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada. This lake extends entirely in the canton of Poisson.

Provancher Creek is a tributary of the upper part of the Mégiscane River located to the west of Gouin Reservoir, flowing entirely into forest area in the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in Quebec, in Canada.

The Lake Marmette is a freshwater body located in the Center-North part of Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of Mauricie, in province of Quebec, in Canada.

The Lake McSweeney is a freshwater body located in the Center-East part of Gouin Reservoir, in the territory of the town of La Tuque, in the administrative region of the Mauricie, in the province of Quebec, in Canada.

References

  1. 1 2 Ministère des Affaires Municipales, Régions et Occupation du territoire - Répertoire des municipalités: Obedjiwan
  2. 1 2 3 "Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Obedjiwan 28, Indian reserve (IRI) [Census subdivision], Quebec". 9 February 2022.
  3. ↑ Government of Canada, Aboriginal Canada Portal - Obedjiwan 28
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Obedjiwan (Réserve indienne)" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
  5. 1 2 3 Claude Gélinas (June 2001). "Le lac Obedjiwan, un lieu de rassemblement autochtone traditionnel" (in French). HISTOIRE QUÉBEC. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
  6. ↑ Natural Resources Canada - Legal Surveys Division, Historical Review - Obedjiwan
  7. ↑ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Société-. "Inondations de terres autochtones : victoire historique pour les Atikamekw d'Obedjiwan". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  8. ↑ The application of laws and regulations in French Aboriginal 1627-1760 Ratelle, Mauritius, Ministry of Energy and Resources, 1991, 48 p... (Aboriginal studies).
  9. ↑ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian Census . Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  10. ↑ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian Census . Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
  11. ↑ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian Census . Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
  12. ↑ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian Census . Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
  13. ↑ Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006 census
  14. ↑ "Cultures et traditions" (in French). Conseil des Atikamekw d'Opitciwan. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2010-03-09.

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