Obstetrics and Gynaecology is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics and gynecology.
Gynaecology or gynecology is the area of medicine that involves the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN).
Placenta praevia is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. The bleeding is bright red and tends not to be associated with pain. Complications may include placenta accreta, dangerously low blood pressure, or bleeding after delivery. Complications for the baby may include fetal growth restriction.
A vanishing twin, also known as twin resorption, is a fetus in a multigestation pregnancy that dies in utero and is then partially or completely reabsorbed. In some instances, the dead twin is compressed into a flattened, parchment-like state known as fetus papyraceus.
An abdominal pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy where the embryo or fetus is growing and developing outside the womb in the abdomen, but not in the Fallopian tube, ovary or broad ligament.
The International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, usually just FIGO ("fee'go") as the acronym of its French name Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique, is a worldwide non-governmental organisation representing obstetricians and gynaecologists in over one hundred territories. It was founded on 26 July 1954 in Geneva, Switzerland, to "promote the well-being of women and to raise the standard of practice in obstetrics and gynaecology". Membership is currently composed of 132 professional societies of obstetricians and gynaecologists worldwide.
Placental insufficiency or utero-placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy, and is often a result of insufficient blood flow to the placenta. The term is also sometimes used to designate late decelerations of fetal heart rate as measured by cardiotocography or an NST, even if there is no other evidence of reduced blood flow to the placenta, normal uterine blood flow rate being 600mL/min.
Maternal–fetal medicine (MFM), also known as perinatology, is a branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy.
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that trains physicians in reproductive medicine addressing hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility. While most REI specialists primarily focus on the treatment of infertility, reproductive endocrinologists are trained to also test and treat hormonal dysfunctions in females and males outside infertility. Reproductive endocrinologists have specialty training (residency) in obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) before they undergo sub-specialty training (fellowship) in REI.
The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AJOG) is a peer reviewed journal of obstetrics and gynecology. It is popularly called the "Gray Journal". Since 1920, AJOG has continued the American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, which began publishing in 1868. AJOG has been Medline-indexed since 1965. The current editors-in-chief are Catherine Bradley, MD, MSCE & Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to obstetrics:
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica is a peer-reviewed, open access, medical journal covering gynecology, female urology, gynecologic oncology and fertility. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell, for the Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The editor in chief is Ganesh Acharya. Articles are published fully open access since 30 July 2021.
The Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in obstetrics, gynecology, and psychosomatics that was established in 1982. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) is a professional association of physicians specializing in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States. Several Latin American countries are also represented within Districts of the organization. It is a 501(c)(3) organization with a membership of more than 60,000 obstetrician-gynecologists and women's health care professionals. It was founded in 1951.
The American Osteopathic Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (AOBOG) is an organization that provides board certification to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) who specialize in the care of the female reproductive tract and children during the course of pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period (obstetricians) and to qualified Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive tract (gynecologists). The board is one 18 medical specialty certifying boards of the American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists approved by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), and was established in 1942. As of December 2011, 1,082 osteopathic obstetricians and gynecologists held active certification with the AOBOG.
Alka Kriplani is an Indian gynecologist,medical writer and academic, known for her contributions to the fields of Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynaecological Endoscopy. She is a professor and the Head of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. A recipient of the Dr. B. C. Roy Award in 2007, she was honoured by the Government of India in 2015 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.
Bhalchandra Nilkanth Purandare, was an Indian gynaecologist. He was the son of Dr. Nilkanth Anant Purandare. He was the director of the Dr. N.A. Purandare Medical Centre for Family Welfare and Research, Mumbai. He served as the president of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) from 1973 to 1976 and the Mumbai Obstetric and Gynecological Society (MOGS) from 1966 to 1968. He was an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (1961). The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1972, for his contributions to medicine. His brother Dr. Vithal N. Purandare was also an acclaimed obstetrician and gynaecologist, renowned for his surgical prowess. He served as President of the Mumbai Obstetrics and Gynecology society(1973–1975) and FOGSI President in 1981. Their nephew Dr. C. N. Purandare, is a prominent gynaecologist and an ex President of FIGO.
The International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering obstetrics and gynecology. It was established in 1963 as the Journal of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, obtaining its current name in 1969. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, of which it is the official journal. The editor-in-chief is Prof Michael Geary. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.447.
The European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering obstetrics and gynecology and reproductive biology. It was originally established as Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Verloskunde en Gynaecologie in 1889, briefly renaming itself European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 1971, and acquiring its current name in 1972. and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Janesh K. Gupta. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.809.
Beryl Rice Benacerraf was an American radiologist and professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive biology and radiology at Harvard Medical School. She was a pioneer in the use of prenatal ultrasound to diagnose fetal abnormalities, including Down syndrome. In 2021, she was recognized as a "Giant in Obstetrics and Gynecology" by the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
