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The history of the Jews in Croatia dates back to at least the 3rd century, although little is known of the community until the 10th and 15th centuries. By the outbreak of World War II, the community numbered approximately 20,000 members, most of whom were murdered during the Holocaust that took place on the territory of the Nazi puppet state called the Independent State of Croatia. After World War II, half of the survivors chose to settle in Israel, while an estimated 2,500 members continued to live in Croatia. According to the 2011 census, there were 509 Jews living in Croatia, but that number is believed to exclude those born of mixed marriages or those married to non-Jews. More than 80 percent of the Zagreb Jewish Community were thought to fall in those two categories.
Lea Deutsch was a Croatian Jewish child actress who was murdered in the Holocaust.
Rabbi Dr. Hosea Jacobi was Chief Rabbi of Zagreb, Croatia for 58 years and the spiritual and religious leader of the Jewish community in Croatia.
The Zagreb Synagogue was the main place of worship for the Jewish community of Zagreb in modern-day Croatia. It was constructed in 1867 in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia within the Austrian Empire, and was used until it was demolished by the Ustaše fascist authorities in 1941 in the Axis-aligned Independent State of Croatia.
The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia involved the genocide primarily of Jews, and also the genocide of Serbs and Romani (Porajmos), within the Independent State of Croatia, a fascist puppet state which existed during World War II, was led by the Ustaše regime, and ruled an occupied area of Yugoslavia which included most of the territory of modern-day Croatia, the whole of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and the eastern part of Syrmia (Serbia). Of the 39,000 Jews who lived in the NDH in 1941, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum states that more than 30,000 were killed. Of these, 6,200 were shipped to Nazi Germany and the rest of them were killed in the NDH, the vast majority were killed in Ustaše-run concentration camps, such as Jasenovac. The Ustaše were the only quisling forces in Europe who operated their own extermination camps for the purpose of killing Jews and members of other ethnic groups.
Nenad Porges is a Croatian politician, businessman, entrepreneur and former Minister of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship.
Stjepan Steiner was Croatian physician, cardiologist, Major general in the Yugoslav People's Army and personal physician of Josip Broz Tito.
Živa Kraus is a Croatian painter.
Kotel Dadon is Croatian rabbi of the Bet Israel community in Zagreb. Da-Don, who was born and educated in Israel, settled in Zagreb in 1998. He was the chief rabbi of Croatia from 1998 to 2006.
Stjepan Betlheim was a Croatian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.
Samuel "Sami" David Alexander was a Croatian Jewish industrialist, doyen of Croatian industrialists, a philanthropist and a member of the Zagreb prominent Alexander family.
Alfred Pal was Croatian painter and graphic designer.
Eva Grlić was Croatian journalist and writer, mother of famous Croatian film director and producer Rajko Grlić.
Mavro Sachs was Croatian physician, the first lecturer of the University of Zagreb, founder of the forensic medicine in Croatia and the first Jew who officially became citizen of Zagreb.
Vukovar Synagogue was the main synagogue of the Jewish community in Vukovar, Croatia, after the first smaller synagogue was sold to the Calvinist church in 1910. It was constructed in 1889 in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, within the Austria-Hungary.
Mihael Mišo Montiljo was Croatian cultural activist, assistant to foreign minister of Croatia and vice president of the Bet Israel community in Zagreb.
Bernard Grüner was Croatian Jewish composer, hazzan of the Dohány Street Synagogue and chief hazzan of the Jewish Community in Zagreb.
Eugen Miskolczy was a Croatian physician, partisan and major in the Yugoslav People's Army.
Aleksandar Savić was a Croatian communist activist and member of the partisan resistance movement in Croatia, murdered during the Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia.
Mirko Breyer was known Croatian writer, bibliographer and antiquarian.
References
- ↑ "Ustanove i institucije - Židovske općine i institucije" (in Croatian). Židovska općina Zagreb. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 3 Cvitić, Plamenko (2006-04-03). "Ognjen Kraus - život dan medicini i židovskoj tradiciji" [Ognjen Kraus - life dedicated to medicine and jewish tradition] (in Croatian). Nacional. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-26.
- 1 2 Bajruši, Robert; Biluš, Marina; Zahtila, Viktor (15 February 2005). "Židovi koji su izgradili moderni Zagreb" [Jews who built modern Zagreb] (in Croatian). Nacional. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
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