Marcello Malpighi was an Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the "Founder of microscopical anatomy, histology & Father of physiology and embryology". Malpighi's name is borne by several physiological features related to the biological excretory system, such as the Malpighian corpuscles and Malpighian pyramids of the kidneys and the Malpighian tubule system of insects. The splenic lymphoid nodules are often called the "Malpighian bodies of the spleen" or Malpighian corpuscles. The botanical family Malpighiaceae is also named after him. He was the first person to see capillaries in animals, and he discovered the link between arteries and veins that had eluded William Harvey. Malpighi was one of the earliest people to observe red blood cells under a microscope, after Jan Swammerdam. His treatise De polypo cordis (1666) was important for understanding blood composition, as well as how blood clots. In it, Malpighi described how the form of a blood clot differed in the right against the left sides of the heart.
Niels Steensen was a Danish scientist, a pioneer in both anatomy and geology who became a Catholic bishop in his later years.
Rasmus Bartholin was a Danish physician and grammarian.
Ole Worm, who often went by the Latinized form of his name Olaus Wormius, was a Danish physician, natural historian and antiquary. He was a professor at the University of Copenhagen where he taught Greek, Latin, physics and medicine.
The 1711 Sales Auction Catalogue of the Library of Sir Thomas Browne highlights the erudition of the physician, philosopher and encyclopedist, Sir Thomas Browne (1605-1682). It also illustrates the proliferation, distribution and availability of books printed throughout 17th century Europe which were purchased by the intelligentsia, aristocracy, priestly, physician or educated merchant-class.
Thomas Bartholin was a Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian. He discovered the lymphatic system in humans and advanced the theory of refrigeration anesthesia, being the first to describe it scientifically.
Caspar Bartholin the Younger, was a Danish anatomist who first described the "Bartholin's gland" in the 17th century. The discovery of the Bartholin's gland is sometimes mistakenly credited to his grandfather.
The year 1669 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Caspar Bartholin the Elder was a Danish physician, scientist and theologian.
Antonio Pacchioni was an Italian scientist and anatomist, who focused chiefly on the outermost meningeal layer of the brain, the dura mater.
Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher was a Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy at the University of Copenhagen. Schumacher carried out significant research work in malacology, in other words on molluscs, and described several taxa.
Paul Amman, German physician and botanist.
Erhard Weigel was a German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher.
Ole Borch was a Danish scientist, physician, grammarian, and poet. He was royal physician to both Kings Frederick III of Denmark and Christian V of Denmark. He was the founder of Borchs Kollegium and is noted for being the influential instructor of scientist Nicolas Steno.
Bartolomeo Scala (1430–1497) was an Italian politician, author and historian. Born in Colle Val d'Elsa, he became a protégé of Cosimo and Piero de' Medici, being appointed at the highest positions in the Florentine Republic.
Gerard "Gerrit" Leendertszoon Blasius (1627–1682) was a Dutch physician and anatomist. He was born in Amsterdam and was the eldest son of Leonard Blasius, who had worked as an architect in Copenhagen. Gerard started his studies there, but the family moved to Leiden, after his father died. Around 1655, he became a physician in Amsterdam. In October 1659, Blasius was appointed at the Athenaeum Illustre but without being paid. In the next year, he became the first Amsterdam professor in medicine. At his home or in the hospital, corpses were dissected. In 1661, he claimed the discovery of Stensen's duct by his pupil Nicolas Stensen.
Simon Paulli, was a Danish physician and naturalist. He was a professor of anatomy, surgery and botany at the University of Copenhagen. The genus Paullinia is named after him.
Sophus August Wilhelm Stein was a Danish physician (surgeon) and anatomist, born 29 July 1797, died 14 May 1868. He was a father of three sons: Theobald, Waldemar and Harald Stein.
Severin de Junge was a Danish government official, Supreme Court justice and director of the Danish West India Company. He was on 6 April 1731 ennobled under the name de Junge. He owned Sonnerupgaard and Skullerupgård but economic difficulties forced him to sell both estates in the second half of the 1740s.
Giovanni Giacinto Vogli (1697-1762) was an Italian physician and writer.
