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Svalbard ( SVAHL-bar, Urban East Norwegian: [ˈsvɑ̂ːɫbɑr]; previously known as Spitsbergen, or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Situated north of mainland Europe, it is about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. The largest island is Spitsbergen, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya, and the largest settlement is Longyearbyen.
Nordenskiöld Land is the land area between Isfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The area is named after Finnish-Swedish explorer and geologist Nils Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld. The coastal region of Nordenskiöld Land (Nordenskiøldkysten) has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports breeding populations of barnacle geese and common eiders.
Wedel Jarlsberg Land is the land area between Van Keulenfjorden and Hornsund on the southwestern part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The area is largely covered with glaciers, and is completely within the Sør-Spitsbergen National Park.
Nathorst Land is the land area between Van Keulenfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden on Spitsbergen, Svalbard.
Torell Land is a land area at the southeast part of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is named after Otto Martin Torell. Two glaciers, Hornbreen and Hambergbreen, divide Torell Land from Sørkapp Land.
Blomstrandhamna Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes the skerry in Blomstrandhamna in Haakon VII Land. The protected area covers a total of 580,000 square metres.
Dunøyane Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve in Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes islands west of Dunøysundet in Wedel Jarlsberg Land. The protected area covers a total of around 11.9 km2.
Forlandsøyane Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes Forlandsøyane off Prins Karls Forland. The protected area covers a total area of around 5,400,000 square metres.
Gåsøyane Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes Gåsøyane in Bünsow Land. The protected area covers a total area of around 2,400,000 square metres.
Guissezholmen Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes islets at Kapp Guissez in Haakon VII Land. The protected area covers a total area of around 400,000 square metres.
Kapp Linné Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes areas between Randvika and Fyrsjøen on Nordenskiöld Land. The protected area covers a total area of around 1,900,000 square metres.
Kongsfjorden Bird Sanctuary is a 140 ha bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes islands and islets in Kongsfjorden, Haakon VII Land. It lies at the inner end of the fjord and consists of about ten islands, mainly covered with grassy vegetation and having small freshwater ponds. The fjord is surrounded by steep mountains, cliffs, glaciers and tundra. The reserve has been recognised as a wetland of international importance by designation under the Ramsar Convention. It has also been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. It supports breeding populations of pink-footed and barnacle geese, common and king eiders, long-tailed ducks, purple sandpipers, red phalaropes, glaucous gulls, long-tailed jaegers and snow buntings. Ivory gulls have been recorded.
Moseøya Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes Moseøya, south of Danes Island, part of Albert I Land. The protected area covers a total area of around 1,400,000 square metres.
Plankeholmane Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes Plankeholmane south of Prins Karls Forland, Spitsbergen. The protected area covers a total area of around 1,600,000 square metres.
Skorpa Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes islets off Harpunodden in Albert I Land, Spitsbergen. The protected area covers a total area of around 1,100,000 square metres.
Sørkapp Bird Sanctuary is a bird reserve at Svalbard, Norway, established in 1973. It includes Sørkappøya and other islands off Sørkapp Land, Spitsbergen. The protected area covers a total area of 3,599ha
Dunøyane is a group of islands north of Hornsund, outside Wedel Jarlsberg Land at the western coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The island group is a nesting site for barnacle goose, common eider and Arctic tern. Hunters used to collect eiderdown at the islands. Dunøyane are included in the Dunøyane Bird Sanctuary, and part of the Sør-Spitsbergen National Park.
Olsholmen is a small island or islet at the west coast of Wedel Jarlsberg Land at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It is located between the capes Kapp Klaveness and Kapp Borthen. The islet is included in the Olsholmen Bird Sanctuary, which was established in 1973.
Ingeborgfjellet is a mountain in Nordenskiöld Land in Spitsbergen, Svalbard. It has a height of 715 m with a secondary peak of 620 m. It is included in the Nordenskiöld Land National Park, and has an important bird cliff. Ingeborgfjellet is located north of Bellsund and west of the glacier Fridtjovbreen. It forms a characteristic ridge and is an easily recognized landmark viewed from sea.
References
- ↑ "Forskrift om opprettelse av nasjonalparker, naturresevater og fuglereservater, Svalbard" (in Norwegian). Lovdata . Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ↑ "Olsholmen fuglereservat". Norwegian Polar Institute . Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ↑ "Olsholmen fuglereservat" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
77°14′14″N14°15′02″E / 77.2371°N 14.2505°E Coordinates: 77°14′14″N14°15′02″E / 77.2371°N 14.2505°E
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