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Gnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge. The term was used among various Hellenistic religions and philosophies in the Greco-Roman world. It is best known for its implication within Gnosticism, where it signifies a spiritual knowledge or insight into humanity's real nature as divine, leading to the deliverance of the divine spark within humanity from the constraints of earthly existence.
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, and asceticism.
Seyyed Hossein Nasr is an Iranian-American philosopher, theologian and Islamic scholar. He is University Professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University.
Islamic studies refers to the academic study of Islam, which is analogous to related fields such as Jewish studies and Quranic studies. Islamic studies seeks to understand the past and the potential future of the Islamic world. In this multidisciplinary program, scholars from diverse areas participate and exchange ideas pertaining to the particular field of study.
Fakir, faqeer, or faqīr, derived from faqr, is an Islamic term traditionally used for Sufi Muslim ascetics who renounce their worldly possessions and dedicate their lives to the worship of God. They do not necessarily renounce all relationships, or take vows of poverty, but the adornments of the temporal worldly life are kept in perspective. The connotations of poverty associated with the term relate to their spiritual neediness, not necessarily their physical neediness.
Madeeh is a song-like recitation of Islamic poetry praising Allah and the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Ethnomusicologist Artur Simon described madeeh as "praise, praise poem, glorification and, in this context, praise hymn in honour of Allah and Muhammad. It is usually recited by one male performer or a small group of men and may be accompanied by hand clapping or traditional hand drums.
The Yoruba religion, West African Orisa (Òrìṣà), or Isese (Ìṣẹ̀ṣe), comprises the traditional religious and spiritual concepts and practice of the Yoruba people. Its homeland is in present-day Southwestern Nigeria, which comprises the majority of Oyo, Ogun, Osun, Ondo, Ekiti, Kwara and Lagos states, as well as parts of Kogi state and the adjoining parts of Benin and Togo, commonly known as Yorubaland.
Madih nabawi, one of the principal religious genres of Arabic music, is a song form dedicated to expressing praises, love and devotion for the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his family. The genre dates from 632 CE, immediately after the death of Muhammad, but the performers address Muhammad. It is also a Sufi genre of belletristic Arab literature.
The Islamic sciences are a set of traditionally defined religious sciences practiced by Islamic scholars, aimed at the construction and interpretation of Islamic religious knowledge.
Esoteric interpretation of the Quran is the allegorical interpretation of the Quran or the quest for its hidden, inner meanings. The Arabic word taʾwīl was synonymous with conventional interpretation in its earliest use, but it came to mean a process of discerning its most fundamental understandings. "Esoteric" interpretations do not usually contradict the conventional interpretations; instead, they discuss the inner levels of meaning of the Quran.
Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. It has been suggested that Sufi thought emerged from the Middle East in the eighth century CE, but adherents are now found around the world.
Islamic literature is literature written by Muslim people, influenced by an Islamic cultural perspective, or literature that portrays Islam. It can be written in any language and portray any country or region. It includes many literary forms including adabs, a non-fiction form of Islamic advice literature, and various fictional literary genres.
In Sufism, maʿrifa is the mystical understanding of God or Divine Reality. It has been described as an immediate recognition and understanding of the true nature of things as they are. Ma'rifa encompasses a deep understanding of the ultimate Truth, which is essentially God, and extends to the comprehension of all things in their connection to God. Sufi mystics attain maʿrifa by embarking on a spiritual journey, typically consisting of various stages referred to as "stations" and "states." In the state of ma'rifa, the mystic transcends the temptations of the self and is absorbed in God, experiencing a sense of alienation from their own self.
Sufi literature consists of works in various languages that express and advocate the ideas of Sufism.
Hadra is a collective supererogatory ritual performed by Sufi orders. It is often held on Thursday evenings after the night prayer, on Fridays after jumu'ah prayer or on Sunday evenings, and can also be celebrated on special Islamic festivals and at rites of passage. It may be held at home or in a mosque. The underlying term in Arabic literally means "Divine Presence" and the human experience of it is known as "Hudur".
The Arabic phrase Bila Kayf, also pronounced as Bila Kayfa, is roughly translated as "without asking how", "without knowing how or what", or "without modality" and refers to the belief that the verses of the Qur'an with an "unapparent meaning" should be accepted as they have come without saying how they are meant or what is meant, i.e. not attributing a specific meaning to them. Literally, the phrase is translated as "without how" but figuratively as "in a manner that suits His majesty and transcendence".
Bāṭin or baten literally means "inner", "inward", "hidden", etc. The Quran, for instance, has a hidden meaning in contrast to its exterior or apparent meaning, the zahir (zaher). Sufis believe that every individual has a batin in the world of souls. It is the inward self of the individual; when cleansed with the light of one's spiritual guide, it elevates a person spiritually. This notion is connected to Allah's attribute of the Hidden One, who cannot be seen but exists in every realm.
Joseph E.B. Lumbard is an American Muslim scholar of Islamic studies and associate professor of Quranic studies at the College of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar. He is the author, editor, and translator of several scholarly books and many articles on Islamic philosophy, Sufism, and Quranic studies.
Ousmane Oumar Kane is a Senegalese Muslim scholar of Islamic studies. He holds the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Chair on Contemporary Islamic Religion and Society at the Harvard Divinity School and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization at Harvard University since July 2012.
In traditionalist philosophy, resacralization of knowledge is the reverse of the process of secularization of knowledge. The central premise is that knowledge is intimately connected to its perceived divine source—God or the Ultimate Reality—which has been severed in the modern era. The process of resacralization of knowledge seeks to reinstate the role of intellect—the divine faculty believed to exist in every human being—above and beyond that of reason, as well as to revive the role of traditional metaphysics in acquiring knowledge—especially knowledge of God—by drawing on sacred traditions and sacred science that uphold divine revelations and the spiritual or gnostic teachings of all revealed religions. It aims to restore the primordial connection between God and humanity, which is believed to have been lost. To accomplish this, it relies on the framework of tawhid, which is developed into a comprehensive metaphysical perspective emphasizing the transcendent unity of all phenomena. Iranian philosopher Seyyed Hossein Nasr elaborated on the process of resacralization of knowledge in his book Knowledge and the Sacred, which was presented as Gifford Lectures in 1981.
References
- 1 2 "Oludamini Ogunnaike". Islamic Worlds Initiative. Retrieved 2024-09-22.
- ↑ Reviews of Poetry in Praise of Prophetic Perfection: West African Madīḥ Poetry and its Precedents:
- Wright, Zachary (2020-12-24). "Oludamini Ogunnaike, Poetry in Praise of Prophetic Perfection: a Study of West African Madīḥ Poetry and its Precedents". Islamic Africa. 11 (1): 145–148. doi:10.1163/21540993-01101007. ISSN 0803-0685.
- Syed, Amir (2022-10-01). "Ogunnaike, Oludamini. Poetry in Praise of Prophetic Perfection: A Study of West African Arabic Madīḥ Poetry and Its Precedents". The Journal of Religion. 102 (4): 585–587. doi:10.1086/721296. ISSN 0022-4189.
- Wood Smith, Adnan Adrian (2021-03-25). "Poetry in Praise of Prophetic Perfection: A Study of West African Arabic Madīḥ Poetry and its Precedents, written by Oludamini Ogunnaike". Journal of Sufi Studies. 9 (1): 153–156. doi:10.1163/22105956-12341321. ISSN 2210-5948.
- Petrone, M. (2020). Oludamini Ogunnaike, Poetry in Praise of Prophetic Perfection. A Study of West African Arabic Madīḥ Poetry and Its Precedents, London, The Islamic Texts Society 2019. Occhialì, 7, 76-78.
- Boylston, Nicholas (2021). "Poetry in Praise of Prophetic Perfection: A Study of West African Arabic Mad?? Poetry and its Precedents (By Oludamini Ogunnaike)". Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies. 5 (2): 84–88. doi:10.2979/jims.5.2.06. ISSN 2470-7074.
- ↑ Reviews of Deep Knowledge: Ways of Knowing in Sufism and Ifa, Two West African Intellectual Traditions:
- D’Silva, Patrick J (2021-12-31). "Deep Knowledge: Ways of Knowing in Sufism and Ifa, Two West African Intellectual Traditions. By Oludamini Ogunnaike". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. 89 (4): 1495–1497. doi:10.1093/jaarel/lfab084. ISSN 0002-7189.
- Alhourani, Ala Rabiha (2023-07-18). "Deep Knowledge; Ways of Knowing in Sufism and Ifa, Two West African Intellectual Traditions, written by Ogunnaike, Oludamini". Journal of Religion in Africa. 54 (1): 96–99. doi:10.1163/15700666-12340275. ISSN 0022-4200.
- "DEEP KNOWLEDGE. WAYS OF KNOWING IN SUFISM AND IFA, TWO WEST AFRICAN INTELLECTUAL TRADITIONS". Religious Studies Review. 49 (2): 244–244. 2023. doi:10.1111/rsr.16484. ISSN 0319-485X.
- Glover, John (2021). "Oludamini Ogunnaike: Deep Knowledge: Ways of Knowing in Sufism and Ifa, Two West African Intellectual Traditions". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 84 (3): 602–604. doi:10.1017/S0041977X22000179. ISSN 0041-977X.