Oracle Net Services

Last updated

In the field of database computing, Oracle Net Services consists of sets of software which enable client applications to establish and maintain network sessions with Oracle Database servers. Since Oracle databases operate in and across a variety of software and hardware environments, Oracle Corporation supplies high-level transparent networking facilities with the intention of providing networking functionality regardless of differences in nodes and protocols.

Contents

Terminology

Components

Oracle Corporation defines Oracle Net Services as comprising: [2]

Oracle Net

Oracle Net, [3] a proprietary networking stack, runs both on client devices and on Oracle database servers in order to set up and maintain connections and messaging between client applications and servers. Oracle Net (formerly called "SQL*Net" or "Net8" [4] ) comprises two software components:

  1. Oracle Net Foundation Layer: makes and maintains connection sessions. The Oracle Net Foundation Layer establishes and also maintains the connection between the client application and server. It must reside on both the client and server for peer-to-peer communication to occur.
  2. Oracle Protocol Support: interfaces with underlying networking protocols such as TCP/IP, named pipes, or Sockets Direct Protocol (SDP).

The listener

The listener process(es) on a server detect incoming requests from clients for connection - by default on port 1521 [5] - and manage network-traffic once clients have connected to an Oracle database. The listener uses a configuration-file - listener.ora - to help keep track of names, protocols, services and hosts. The listener.ora file can include three sorts of parameters: [6]

  1. listener-address entries
  2. SID_LIST entries
  3. control entries

Apart from pre-defined and known statically-registered databases, a listener can also accept dynamic service registration from a database.

Oracle Connection Manager

The Oracle Connection Manager (CMAN) acts as a lightweight router for Oracle Net packets. [7]

Oracle Net Manager

Oracle Net Manager, a GUI tool, configures Oracle Net Services for an Oracle home on a local client or server host. [8] (Prior to Oracle 9i known as "Net8 Assistant". [9] )

Associated software

Utilities and tools

Software suites

Oracle software integrating closely with and/or depending on Oracle Net Services includes:

See also

Related Research Articles

MySQL SQL database engine software

MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, and "SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language.

Java Enterprise Edition, formerly Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), currently rebranded as Jakarta EE, is a set of specifications, extending Java SE 8 with specifications for enterprise features such as distributed computing and web services. Java EE applications are run on reference runtimes, that can be microservices or application servers, which handle transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components it is deploying.

An application server is a software framework that provides both facilities to create web applications and a server environment to run them.

In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. An application written using ODBC can be ported to other platforms, both on the client and server side, with few changes to the data access code.

In computing, directory service or name service maps the names of network resources to their respective network addresses. It is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering and organizing everyday items and network resources, which can include volumes, folders, files, printers, users, groups, devices, telephone numbers and other objects. A directory service is a critical component of a network operating system. A directory server or name server is a server which provides such a service. Each resource on the network is considered an object by the directory server. Information about a particular resource is stored as a collection of attributes associated with that resource or object.

Virtual Network Computing

In computing, Virtual Network Computing (VNC) is a graphical desktop-sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB) to remotely control another computer. It transmits the keyboard and mouse events from one computer to another, relaying the graphical-screen updates back in the other direction, over a network.

Tabular Data Stream (TDS) is an application layer protocol used to transfer data between a database server and a client. It was initially designed and developed by Sybase Inc. for their Sybase SQL Server relational database engine in 1984, and later by Microsoft in Microsoft SQL Server.

Oracle Internet Directory (OID) is a directory service produced by Oracle Corporation, which functions compatible with LDAP version 3.

Java Management Extensions (JMX) is a Java technology that supplies tools for managing and monitoring applications, system objects, devices and service-oriented networks. Those resources are represented by objects called MBeans. In the API, classes can be dynamically loaded and instantiated. Managing and monitoring applications can be designed and developed using the Java Dynamic Management Kit.

An IRCd, short for Internet Relay Chat daemon, is server software that implements the IRC protocol, enabling people to talk to each other via the Internet. It is distinct from an IRC bot that connects outbound to an IRC channel.

In computing, a data source name is a string that has an associated data structure used to describe a connection to a data source. Most commonly used in connection with ODBC, DSNs also exist for JDBC and for other data access mechanisms. The term often overlaps with "connection string". Most systems do not make a distinction between DSNs or connection strings and the term can often be used interchangeably.

Tuxedo is a middleware platform used to manage distributed transaction processing in distributed computing environments. Tuxedo is a transaction processing system or transaction-oriented middleware, or enterprise application server for a variety of systems and programming languages. Developed by AT&T in the 1980s, it became a software product of Oracle Corporation in 2008 when they acquired BEA Systems. Tuxedo is now part of the Oracle Fusion Middleware.

Apache Derby is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 3.5 MB disk-space footprint.

NetworkManager free software

NetworkManager is a daemon that sits on top of libudev and other Linux kernel interfaces and provides a high-level interface for the configuration of the network interfaces.

A JDBC driver is a software component enabling a Java application to interact with a database. JDBC drivers are analogous to ODBC drivers, ADO.NET data providers, and OLE DB providers.

A network socket is an internal endpoint for sending or receiving data within a node on a computer network. Concretely, it is a representation of this endpoint in networking software, such as an entry in a table, and is a form of system resource.

The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. The framework's core features can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. Although the framework does not impose any specific programming model, it has become popular in the Java community as an addition to, or even replacement for the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) model. The Spring Framework is open source.

Virtuoso Universal Server

Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional Relational database management system (RDBMS), Object-relational database (ORDBMS), virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system. Rather than have dedicated servers for each of the aforementioned functionality realms, Virtuoso is a "universal server"; it enables a single multithreaded server process that implements multiple protocols. The free and open source edition of Virtuoso Universal Server is also known as OpenLink Virtuoso. The software has been developed by OpenLink Software with Kingsley Uyi Idehen and Orri Erling as the chief software architects.

Configurable Network Computing or CNC is JD Edwards's (JDE) client–server proprietary architecture and methodology that implements its highly-scalable enterprise-wide business solutions software that can run on a wide variety of hardware, operating systems (OS) and hardware platforms. Now a division of the Oracle Corporation, Oracle continues to sponsor ongoing development of the JD Edwards Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. While highly flexible, the CNC architecture is proprietary and, as such, it cannot be exported to any other systems. While the CNC architecture's chief claim to fame, insulation of applications from the underlying database and operating systems, was largely superseded by modern web-based technology, nevertheless CNC technology continues to be at the heart of both JD Edwards' OneWorld and EnterpriseOne architecture and will play a significant role Oracle's developing fusion architecture initiative. While a proprietary architecture, CNC is neither an Oracle nor JDE product offering. The term CNC also refers to the systems analysts who install, maintain, manage and enhance this architecture. CNCs are also one of the three technical areas of expertise in the JD Edwards Enterprise Resource Planning ERP which include developer/report writer and functional/business analysts.

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an application programming interface (API) for the programming language Java, which defines how a client may access a database. It is a Java-based data access technology used for Java database connectivity. It is part of the Java Standard Edition platform, from Oracle Corporation. It provides methods to query and update data in a database, and is oriented towards relational databases. A JDBC-to-ODBC bridge enables connections to any ODBC-accessible data source in the Java virtual machine (JVM) host environment.

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Johnston, Caroline (April 2014). "Oracle Database Net Services Reference, 12c Release 1 (12.1)". docs.oracle.com. Oracle. Retrieved 2014-06-04. network service name[:] A simple name for a service that resolves to a connect descriptor. Users initiate a connect request by passing a user name and password along with a network service name in a connect string for the service to which they want to connect: CONNECT username/password@net_service_name
  2. ↑ Glossary:Oracle Net Services, retrieved 2007-12-03
  3. ↑ Introduction to Oracle Net Services" in Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1), retrieved 2008-01-05
  4. ↑ Greenwald, Rick; Stackowiak, Robert; Stern, Jonathan (2007). Oracle Essentials: Oracle Database 11g (4th ed.). O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 13. ISBN   9780596555337 . Retrieved 2014-05-07. Oracle's network interface, Oracle Net, was formerly known as Net8 when used in Oracle8, and SQL*Net when used with Oracle7 and previous versions of Oracle.
  5. ↑ Rajan, Claire (2006). Oracle 10g Database Administrator II: Backup/Recovery and Network Administration. Cengage Learning. p. 561. ISBN   9781418836641 . Retrieved 2014-12-08. By default, the listener listens on port 1521 for clients requiring database access.
  6. ↑ Toledo, Hugo; Gennick, Jonathan (2001). Oracle Net8: Configuration and Troubleshooting . O'Reilly series (1 ed.). O'Reilly Media, Inc. p.  71. ISBN   9781565927537 . Retrieved 2013-08-28.
  7. ↑ Elizabeth Hanes Perry; et al. (June 2004). "Oracle Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference" (PDF). Oracle Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference 10g Release 1 (10.1). Oracle Corporation. pp. 24–2. Retrieved 2010-02-12. The Oracle Connection Manager is a lightweight, highly-scalable program that can receive Oracle Net packets and re-transmit them to a different server. To a client running Oracle Net, the Connection Manager looks exactly like a database server.
  8. ↑ Strohm, Richard; et al. (July 2008). Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1). Oracle Corporation . Retrieved 2010-02-15. Oracle Net Manager enables you to configure Oracle Net Services for an Oracle home on a local client or server host.
  9. ↑ Greenwald, Rick; Stackowiak, Robert; Stern, Jonathan (February 2004) [1999]. Russell, Deborah (ed.). Oracle essentials: Oracle Database 10g (3 ed.). O'Reilly. p. 62. ISBN   0-596-00585-7. In Oracle8, Oracle provided a GUI utility called the Net8 Assistant used to create the various configuration files required for Net8; this utility was renamed the Oracle Net Manager with the Oracle 9i release.
  10. ↑ Mishra, Sanjay (2004). Oracle utilities: pocket reference. O'Reilly Series Pocket Reference. O'Reilly Media. p. 106. ISBN   978-0-596-00899-4 . Retrieved 2010-02-11. Use tnsping to determine whether an Oracle Net service can be successfully reached [...] specify a protocol address instead of a net service name to test connectivity to an Oracle Names server or Connection Manager instance.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.