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The balafon is a gourd-resonated xylophone, a type of struck idiophone. It is closely associated with the neighbouring Mandé, Senoufo and Gur peoples of West Africa, particularly the Guinean branch of the Mandinka ethnic group, but is now found across West Africa from Guinea to Mali. Its common name, balafon, is likely a European coinage combining its Mandinka name bala with the word fôn 'to speak' or the Greek root phono.
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Fanta Damba is a Malian djelimuso known to her fans as La Grande Vedette Malienne. Damba was a successful Mali musician born into the Jeli family, who are often called Griots. She began singing as a child while being surrounded by a family full of musicians. Damba began recording in her early twenties with Radio Mali. Fanta was one of Mali's most famous women from 1960-1970. In 1975, she became the first djelimuso to tour Europe solo and was also known for performing at the Mali national ensemble performance of the African Festival of Arts and Culture held in Lagos in 1977. She was rewarded for her talent by being named as a Ngara, which usually recognizes one as being a master musician. Many musicians aspire to be a Ngara, but very few held the title. In order for a Griot to be recognized as a Ngara, one must be considered to possess great courage, are skilled, experienced, disciplined and are a successful musician usually over the age of forty. It is considered a gift that most musicians are recognized as having at an early age. A Ngara also usually has a strong middle tone voice that can control the crowd with emotions. Mali women such as Fanta were known for their praise singing and did not play a variety of instruments unlike the men. She inspired other famous Mali musicians such as Yousou NDour, who went to visit Fanta and was so taken away by her music that he was inspired to write the song Wareff in relevance to Fanta's song Djadjiri. Female Mali musicians typically received more attention and gifts such as cars, houses, jewelry, and gold than male Mali musicians. They were represented through the media, concerts, markets, and were perceived as the stars. Fanta retired as a performer in 1985.
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Sara Caswell is an American violinist who has worked with 9 Horses, Esperanza Spalding, and David Krakauer.
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References
- 1 2 3 Hendrickson, Tad (1 July 2011). "Sounds of the City preview: Oran Etkin adapts clarinet and sax to Malian traditions". NJ.com. Retrieved 11 December 2018.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- 1 2 Nastos, Michael G. "Kelenia". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 December 2018.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ Mergner, Lee (19 November 2018). "Oran Etkin: Music as Child's Play". JazzTimes. Retrieved 11 December 2018.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ Chinen, Nate (4 June 2009). "New Music From Oumou Sangare, Franz Ferdinand, Steve Lehman, Oran Etkin and Sunn O)))". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 December 2018.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ "Oran Etkin". Independent Music Awards. Retrieved 11 December 2018.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ↑ "Oran Etkin | Album Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 December 2018.CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
