Order of Industrial Heroism

Last updated

'Order of Industrial Heroism' certificate awarded to Thomas "Derwydd" Thomas in 1933. Features a 1923 woodcut design by Eric Gill. OIH-Gill-Thomas.jpg
'Order of Industrial Heroism' certificate awarded to Thomas "Derwydd" Thomas in 1933. Features a 1923 woodcut design by Eric Gill.

The Order of Industrial Heroism was a private civil award given in the United Kingdom by the Daily Herald newspaper to honour examples of heroism carried out by ordinary workers. Many of the 440 awards were posthumous. Only two were made to a woman; six were awarded to large groups of miners, under the auspices of their trade union lodges.

Contents

The medal of the Order was designed by sculptor Eric Gill and issued in bronze with a burgundy ribbon. The medal bears the image of Saint Christopher bearing the Christ Child.

History

Eric Gill's design as used on the 'Order Of Industrial Heroism' certificate, with a red star, 1923 OIH-Gill-Star.jpg
Eric Gill's design as used on the 'Order Of Industrial Heroism' certificate, with a red star, 1923

The Order was instituted in 1923 [1] [2] by the Daily Herald specifically to recognise the deeds of valour of those who had saved their fellow workers from danger or death. It was popularly known as the "Workers' VC". [3]

The institution of the medal was prompted by an incident in which four dockworkers helped control a major fire in the Liverpool docks, thereby saving the docks, shipping and a large part of the city, but were offered a reward of only £17 shared between all four, provoking a public outrage. [4]

Recipients were also given a monetary prize and an Eric Gill designed certificate, depicting Saint Christopher, in front of a smoking chimney, carrying the Christ Child across water, towards a walled garden ("A Rose Plant in Jericho" [5] ) with a red star overhead, [6] [7] [8] Certificates for individual men were inscribed: [9]

Presented as a mark of respect and admiration to [name] a brave man who in a moment of peril thought more of others than of himself

Later certificates used a variation on Gill's design. [9]

The Daily Herald was the official organ of the Trade Union Congress and one of the world's best-selling newspapers at the time.

The award was presented 440 times up to 1964, when the newspaper closed. Sometimes there were multiple awards relating to one event; six of the awards were to miners' union lodges, rather than individuals, where a large number of members had been involved in mine rescues. [10] Only one of the solo awardees, Ruth Stanaway, was a woman; [11] another, Sister Eileen M. S. Wiltshire, received one alongside three men. [12]

Eric Gill's original design for the 'Order Of Industrial Heroism' certificate, with dove, 1923 OIH-Gill-Tate.jpg
Eric Gill's original design for the 'Order Of Industrial Heroism' certificate, with dove, 1923
Order of Industrial Heroism Medal awarded by the Daily Herald to Philip Yates after the Bentley Colliery disaster of 1931. Order of Industrial Heroism Medal - Front.jpg
Order of Industrial Heroism Medal awarded by the Daily Herald to Philip Yates after the Bentley Colliery disaster of 1931.

The Herald's records relating to the award are held in the Trades Union Congress Library Collections at London Metropolitan University. [13] [14] The Modern Records Centre at the University of Warwick holds correspondence about the possible continuation of the award, after 1964, in its TUC collection (Ref MSS.292B/790/2). [15]

Examples of the medal are in several museums, including the March & District Museum, [16] Abertillery and District Museum, [17] Dorman Museum, [18] and the National Museum Wales; [19] and one is in the House of Commons coins and medal collection; it was donated by Sir Arnold Wilson in 1938. [20]

The British Museum holds a specimen of the medal, with Gill's name inscribed on the rim. [21] It also has Gill's 1923 proof copy of the woodcut artwork used on the award's certificates, which has "The Holy Ghost as a dove" in the place of the eventual red star. [7] [5] Other copies are in the Tate collection, [22] the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, [23] the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, [24] and the Hesburgh Library] at the University of Notre Dame. [25] The "dove" version was also published in Engravings by Eric Gill (1929). [5] [26]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eric Gill</span> English sculptor, typeface designer, and printmaker (1882–1940)

Arthur Eric Rowton Gill was an English sculptor, letter cutter, typeface designer, and printmaker. Although the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography describes Gill as "the greatest artist-craftsman of the twentieth century: a letter-cutter and type designer of genius", he is also a figure of considerable controversy following the revelations of his sexual abuse of two of his daughters and of his pet dog.

<i>Daily Herald</i> (United Kingdom) British daily newspaper, published in London from 1912 to 1964, and precursor of The Sun

The Daily Herald was a British daily newspaper, published daily in London from 1912 to 1964. It was published in the interest of the labour movement and supported the Labour Party. It underwent several changes of management before ceasing publication in 1964, when it was relaunched as The Sun, in its pre-Murdoch form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine</span> British trade unionist

Walter McLennan Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine, was one of the leading British and international trade unionists of the twentieth century and a notable public figure. Yet, apart from his renowned guide to the conduct of meetings, ABC of Chairmanship, he has been little spoken of in the history of the labour movement. More recently, labour historians have begun to re-assess Citrine's role.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dublin lock-out</span> Major industrial dispute which took place in Dublin, Ireland

The Dublin lock-out was a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers that took place in Dublin, Ireland. The dispute, lasting from 26 August 1913 to 18 January 1914, is often viewed as the most severe and significant industrial dispute in Irish history. Central to the dispute was the workers' right to unionise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Axon</span> British train driver, posthumous recipient of the George Cross

John Axon GC was an English train driver from Stockport who died while trying to stop a runaway freight train on a 1 in 58 gradient at Chapel-en-le-Frith in Derbyshire after a brake failure. The train consisted of an ex-LMS Stanier Class 8F 2-8-0 No. 48188 hauling 33 wagons and a brake van.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1914 Star</span> Award

The 1914 Star, colloquially known as the Mons Star, is a British First World War campaign medal for service in France or Belgium between 5 August and 22 November 1914.

The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic was a Roman Catholic community of artists and craftspeople founded in 1920 in Ditchling, East Sussex, England. It was part of the Arts and Crafts movement and its legacy led to the creation of the Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1948 Queensland railway strike</span> Nine week strike over workers wages

The 1948 Queensland railway strike was a strike which lasted nine weeks, from 3 February to 5 April 1948, over wages of workers at railway workshops and locomotive depots in Queensland, Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union</span> Former trade union of the United Kingdom

The Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union, known as the EETPU, was a British trade union formed in 1968 as a union for electricians and plumbers, which went through three mergers from 1992 to now be part of Unite the Union.

Trade unions in Ghana first emerged in the 1920s and have played an important role in the country's economy and politics ever since.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ben Gimbert</span> Engine driver involved in the Soham rail disaster

Benjamin Gimbert, an engine driver with the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), was awarded the George Cross and the Order of Industrial Heroism, as was his fireman James Nightall, whose award was posthumous, for saving an ammunition train from a fire on 2 June 1944 during the Soham rail disaster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">British Museum Department of Coins and Medals</span> Department of the British Museum

The British Museum Department of Coins and Medals is a department of the British Museum involving the collection, research and exhibition of numismatics, and comprising the largest library of numismatic artefacts in the United Kingdom, including almost one million coins, medals, tokens and other related objects. The collection spans the history of coinage from its origins in the 7th century BC to the present day, and is representative of both Eastern and Western numismatic traditions.

Ken Gill was a British trade union leader. He was the General Secretary of the Technical, Administrative and Supervisory Section (TASS), from 1974 to 1988, when it merged with ASTMS to form the Manufacturing, Science and Finance Union (MSF). He was General Secretary of the MSF, 1988–1992, initially jointly with Clive Jenkins. A committed Communist, he was elected to the TUC General Council in 1974, and was a prominent figure in the militant industrial relations of the 1970s. From 1981 to 1987 he was a member of the Commission for Racial Equality.

<i>British Worker</i>

The British Worker was a newspaper produced by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress for the duration of the 1926 United Kingdom General Strike. The first of eleven issues was printed on 5 May and publication stopped on 17 May after the official cessation of the strike. The principal objective of the newspaper was to circulate information and maintain the strikers' morale throughout the stoppage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Cribb</span> British numismatist (born 1947)

Joe Cribb is a numismatist, specialising in Asian coinages, and in particular on coins of the Kushan Empire. His catalogues of Chinese silver currency ingots, and of ritual coins of Southeast Asia were the first detailed works on these subjects in English. With David Jongeward he published a catalogue of Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian and Kidarite Hun coins in the American Numismatic Society New York in 2015. In 2021 he was appointed Adjunct Professor of Numismatics at Hebei Normal University, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trades Union Congress</span> Trade union centre in England and Wales

The Trades Union Congress (TUC) is a national trade union centre, a federation of trade unions that collectively represent most unionised workers in England and Wales. There are 48 affiliated unions with a total of about 5.5 million members. Paul Nowak is the TUC's current General Secretary, serving from January 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft</span> Local museum in Ditchling, East Sussex, England

Ditchling Museum of Art + Craft is located in Ditchling, East Sussex, England. It specialises in showcasing the artists and craftspeople who made Ditchling a creative hub in the 20th century, such as Eric Gill, the sculptor, printmaker and typeface designer, Edward Johnston, designer of the London Underground font, and printer Hilary Pepler. These artisans were associated with The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic, an offshoot of the Arts and Crafts movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Cotter</span> British trade union leader

Joseph Patrick Cotter was a British trade union leader.

References

Order of Industrial Heroism Medal awarded by the Daily Herald to Philip Yates after the Bentley Colliery disaster of 1931. (Reverse) Order of Industrial Heroism Medal - Reverse.jpg
Order of Industrial Heroism Medal awarded by the Daily Herald to Philip Yates after the Bentley Colliery disaster of 1931. (Reverse)
Later form of the certificate, awarded to George Walker in 1961 OIH-Gill-Walker.jpg
Later form of the certificate, awarded to George Walker in 1961
  1. Fevyer, Wilson & Cribb (2000).
  2. TUC History Online
  3. Mines Rescue: Order of Industrial Heroism
  4. "Order of Industrial Heroism". The Union Makes Us Strong: TUC History Online. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 "Eric Gill - Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism". 1stdibs.com. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  6. "'The Order of Industrial Heroism' medal (at auction)". LOT-ART. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  7. 1 2 "Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism". British Museum . Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  8. Fevyer, W. H. "The Worker's V.C.". Life Saving Awards Research Society Journal (34): 56–70.
  9. 1 2 See images
  10. "List of Persons Awarded the Order of Industrial Heroism".
  11. "Order of Industrial Heroism". TUC 150 Stories. Trades Union Congress. 26 January 2018. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  12. Fevyer, Wilson & Cribb (2000), p. 24.
  13. "Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism". The National Archives. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  14. "Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism [records of award recipients 1923-1964]". London Metropolitan University . Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  15. "AIM 25, Vol. XIV" (PDF). Bodleian Library.
  16. "The Haylock Room". March & District Museum . Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  17. "Arthur Bobbett's Story". Abertillery and District Museum . Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  18. "The Order of Industrial Heroism". Safe and Sound - Stories of Emergency Response in the Tees Valley. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  19. "Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism medal". National Museum Wales. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  20. "Full list of Parliament's collection of medals and coins" (PDF). Parliament.
  21. Fevyer, Wilson & Cribb (2000), p. 17.
  22. "'Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism', Eric Gill, 1923". Tate. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  23. "Collections Explorer - Object Detail (P.80-1948, id:2)". The Fitzwilliam Museum. 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  24. "Holy Ghost as Dove (printed in red), pl.55: Daily Herald Order of Industrial Heroism: D.189: St. Christopher (with extra wood engraving of smokestack printed in red; D. 190: Rose Plant of Jericho; D. 191: Wave; D. 192: - Eric Gill". Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. 8 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  25. "Eric Gill Collection". University of Notre Dame . Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  26. Cleverdon, Douglas (1929). Engravings by Eric Gill. Birmingham, England.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)