Outline of the Russian Revolution of 1905

Last updated

Russian Revolution of 1905
The Russian Revolution, 1905 Q81555.jpg
Barricades during the Moscow uprising of 1905
Date22 January 1905 – 16 June 1907
(2 years, 4 months and 25 days)
Location
Result
Belligerents

Flag of Russia.svg Russian Empire
Supported by:

Socialist red flag.svg Revolutionaries
Supported by:


Independence movements:

Commanders and leaders

Flag of Poland.svg Józef Piłsudski
Casualties and losses
  • 3,611 killed or wounded [1]
  • 15,000 killed
  • 20,000 wounded
  • 38,000 captured
  • 1 battleship surrendered to Romania
17,000 civilians killed by revolutionaries [2]

The following outline and timeline is provided as an overview of and guide to English Wikipedia articles about the Russian Revolution of 1905.

Contents

About

The Russian Revolution of 1905, [a] also known as the First Russian Revolution, [b] was a revolution in the Russian Empire which began on 22 January 1905 and led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Russian Constitution of 1906, the country's first. The revolution was characterized by mass political and social unrest including worker strikes, peasant revolts, and military mutinies directed against Tsar Nicholas II and the autocracy, who were forced to establish the State Duma legislative assembly and grant certain rights, though both were later undermined. [c] [3]

Timeline of the Russian Revolution of 1905

Overview

Background

Uprisings and massacres

Russian battleship Potemkin mutiny

Key figures

  • Afanasi Matushenko – Torpedo quartermaster who took command of the Potemkin mutiny on 27 June 1905.
  • Grigory Vakulenchuk – Sailor whose death during initial confrontation sparked the sailors’ uprising aboard Potemkin.
  • Grigoriy Pavlovich Chukhnin – Commander of the Black Sea Fleet who brutally suppressed the mutiny and later crushed related unrest
  • Ippolit Giliarovsky – First officer aboard Potemkin, killed by the crew during the uprising.
  • Ivan Beshoff – Survivor of the Potemkin mutiny who later settled abroad.
  • Semen Hryzlo – Revolutionist commended for his role in supporting the mutiny.

Other ships involved

Revolutionary republics

Organizations and groups

Aftermath

Locations

Documents

Literature and media

Literature

Films and media

People

Revolutionary leaders and party organizers

  • Alexander Bogdanov (Russian: Александр Александрович Богданов; 1873–1928) – Bolshevik theorist arrested in 1905 for protest activity and soviet organizing.
  • Julius Martov (Russian: Юлий Осипович Мартов; 1873–1923) – Prominent Menshevik who organized protests and strike committees in Petrograd.
  • Leon Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; 1879–1940) – Chief spokesman and leader of the St. Petersburg Soviet during the 1905 general strike.
  • Vladimir Lenin (Russian: Владимир Ильич Ленин; 1870–1924) – Bolshevik strategist and author of *Two Tactics of Social Democracy* during the 1905 revolution.
  • Yakov Sverdlov (Russian: Яков Моисеевич Свердлов; 1885–1919) – Key organizer in the St. Petersburg Soviet.
  • Afanasi Matushenko – Torpedo quartermaster who took command of the Potemkin mutiny on 27 June 1905.
  • Semen Hryzlo – Revolutionist commended for his role in supporting the Potemkin mutiny.

Socialist and worker activists

  • Abram Gots (Russian: Абрам Соломонович Гоц; 1872–1940) – SR member who helped organize armed resistance during the Moscow uprising.
  • Filipp Goloshchyokin (Russian: Филипп Исаевич Голощёкин; 1882–1941) – Bolshevik who built strike committees in Petrograd and Moscow.
  • Fyodor Gladkov (Russian: Фёдор Васильевич Гладков; 1883–1958) – Propagandist and underground printer for Bolshevik literature in 1905.
  • Isidore Gukovsky (Russian: Исидор Гуковский; 1884–1919) – Petrograd-based Bolshevik organizer.
  • Martyn Liadov (Russian: Мартын Иванович Лядов; 1872–1947) – Helped organize armed workers’ detachments during the Moscow uprising.
  • Peter Arshinov (Russian: Пётр Андреевич Аршинов; 1887–c.1937) – Published the underground newspaper *Molot* during the 1905 strikes.
  • Sergey Ivanovich Gusev (Russian: Сергей Иванович Гусев; 1883–1945) – Bolshevik active in strike coordination and regional committees.
  • Vladimir Bazarov (Russian: Владимир Борисович Базаров; 1885–1939) – Propagandist and supporter of strike actions in 1905.

Anarchists and Socialist Revolutionary activists

  • Anastasia Bitsenko (Russian: Анастасия Алексеевна Биценко; 1875–1938) – SR Combat Organization member involved in armed resistance.
  • Iosif Bleikhman (Russian: Иосиф Соломонович Блейхман; 1868–1921) – Anarchist agitator and pamphleteer in 1905 Petrograd.
  • Sofia Smidovich (Russian: Софья Смидович; 1872–1951) – SR-affiliated organizer of women’s political groups and street agitation.
  • Volin (Russian: Волин; real name Russian: Всеволод Эйхенбаум; 1882–1945) – Anarchist participant in the Petersburg Soviet and Kronstadt uprising.
  • Yevno Azef (Russian: Евно Фишелевич Азеф; 1869–1918) – SR Combat leader and Okhrana informant; coordinated high-profile assassinations.

Female activists

  • Nadezhda Krupskaya (Russian: Надежда Константиновна Крупская; 1869–1939) – Organized underground workers’ education and propaganda networks.
  • Olga Kameneva (Russian: Ольга Борисовна Каменева; 1883–1941) – Supported Bolshevik militants through safehouses and courier work.
  • Olga Pilatskaya (Russian: Ольга Пилатская; 1884–1952) – Joined the St. Petersburg Soviet and supported women-led demonstrations.

Regional leaders

  • Djelal ed-Din Korkmasov (Russian: Джелал‑эд‑Дин Коркмасов; 1880–1931) – Tatar Marxist organizer in southern Russia.
  • Fricis Roziņš (Russian: Фрицис Розиньш; 1870–1919) – Latvian socialist leader and editor of revolutionary press in Riga.
  • Jānis Jansons-Brauns (Russian: Янис Янсонс-Браунс; 1874–1929) – Leader in the Latvian Social Democratic Workers’ Party during Baltic unrest.
  • Juda Grossman (Russian: Юда Львович Гроссман; 1883–1934) – Jewish Bundist organizing pogrom resistance and labor actions.
  • Mieczysław Kozłowski (Russian: Мечислав Козловский; 1883–1975) – Polish-Bolshevik active in Warsaw and Lithuanian strike networks.
  • Sultan Klych-Girey (Russian: Султан Клыч-Гирей) – Crimean Tatar noble involved in political agitation.

Tsarist officials and leaders

  • Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia (Russian: Сергей Александрович; 1857–1905) – Assassinated by SR militants during 1905 unrest.
  • Ivan Fullon (Russian: Иван Иванович Фуллон; 1844–1920) – Governor of St. Petersburg whose policies facilitated early worker societies.
  • Nicholas II (Russian: Николай II; 1868–1918) – Ordered military repression of 1905 protests; signed October Manifesto under pressure.
  • Pyotr Sviatopolk-Mirsky (Russian: Пётр Дмитриевич Святополк-Мирский; 1857–1939) – Interior Minister who attempted limited reforms but endorsed repression.
  • Sergei Witte (Russian: Сергей Юльевич Витте; 1849–1915) – Authored the October Manifesto as a response to the revolutionary crisis.
  • Grigoriy Pavlovich Chukhnin – Commander of the Black Sea Fleet who brutally suppressed the mutiny and later crushed related unrest
  • Ippolit Giliarovsky – First officer aboard Potemkin, killed by the crew during the uprising.

Other notable figures

  • Ivan Narodny (Russian: Иван Иванович Народный; 1877–1958) – Provided logistical and ideological support to 1905 labor circles.
  • Ludwig Martens (Russian: Людвиг Карлович Мартенс; 1875–1948) – Engineer and press distributor supporting the Bolsheviks.
  • Nikolai Pavlovich Schmidt (Russian: Николай Павлович Шмидт; 1883–1906) – Liberal industrialist and financial supporter of revolutionaries.
  • Grigory Vakulenchuk – Sailor whose death during initial confrontation sparked the sailors’ uprising aboard Potemkin.

Miscellaneous

References

Notes

  1. Russian: Революция 1905 года.
  2. Russian: Первая Русская Революция.
  3. Dates are given in New Style (Gregorian calendar). The original Russian sources often use Old Style (Julian) dates, which are 13 days earlier in the 20th century.

Citations

  1. Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015. McFarland. p. 340. ISBN   9781476625850.
  2. Borisyuk, Andrei (2023). История России, которую приказали забыть. Николай II и его время; [5-е издание][The history of Russia, which was ordered to be forgotten. Nicholas II and his time] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Вече. p. 77. ISBN   978-5-4484-3841-7.
  3. "Russian Revolution of 1905". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 28 June 2025.