People's Defence Force-Zoland | |
---|---|
ချင်းပြည်သူ့ကာကွယ်ရေးတပ်မတော် | |
Also known as | PDF-Zoland |
Country | Myanmar |
Allegiance | National Unity Government of Myanmar |
Active regions | Chin State |
Ideology | Federal democracy |
Part of | Chin Brotherhood Alliance |
Opponents | Myanmar (SAC) |
Battles and wars | Internal conflict in Myanmar |
People's Defence Force-Zoland, also known as Zoland Defence Force[ citation needed ] and shortened to PDF-Zoland, is a People's Defence Force armed group in Chin State, Myanmar. They're the armed wing of the Zomi Federal Union (ZFU), and a key member of the Chin Brotherhood Alliance, formed in December 2023 alongside the Chin National Defence Force (CNDF) and Chinland Defense Force-Mindat (CDF-Mindat). [1] This alliance aims to enhance collaboration in both political and military endeavors concerning Chin State and Chin ethic affairs. [2]
The Chinland Defense Force and PDF-Zoland were established the same year in 2021, in response to the military coup in Myanmar. Their primary goals are to protect civilians from the junta, abolish the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, end military rule and establish a federal union. [3] [4] [5]
The PDF-Zoland has faced challenges, including attacks from the Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA), who have raided their basecamps and tortured their members. [6] PDF Zoland attracted Western volunteers, including a former Bristish soldier and an American veteran, during their fight against the junta. [7] On 21 November, the PDF-Zoland seized a junta base on Kennedy Peak, the second highest mountain in Chin State. [8]
Chin State is a state in western Myanmar. Chin State is bordered by Sagaing Division and Magway Division to the east, Rakhine State to the south, the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the west, and the Indian states of Mizoram to the west and Manipur to the north. The population of Chin State is about 488,801 according to the 2014 census, and its capital city is Hakha.
Chinland, officially the State of Chinland, is a self-governing polity in Southeast Asia. Its claimed territory encompasses Myanmar's Chin State. It controls nearly all of the Chin State in western Myanmar, along the borders with Bangladesh and India.
Tedim Township is in Tedim District, Chin State of Myanmar (Burma). The administrative centre for the township is the town of Tedim. Tedim Township is the most populous township in Chin State, with a population of 87,623.
Matupi is the principal town of Matupi Township of Chin State in western Myanmar. There are 6 major Chin tribes living in Matupi; the Matu, Mara(Tlosai,Hlaipao, Hawthai,Sizo,etc), Dai, Zotung, Lautuv and Khumi tribes.
The Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA) is an armed Zomi nationalist militant group formed in 1997, following an increase in ethnic tensions between the Kuki people and the Paites tribe in Churachandpur district of Manipur, India. Its parent organisation, the Zomi Re-unification Organisation, was founded in April 1993.
Kennedy Peak is a 2,703-metre (8,868 ft) peak in the Tedim Township, Chin State, Myanmar that dominates the Tedim Road. It is one of the world's ultra-prominent peaks, as it rises 4,951 feet above all other peaks nearby. It is the second highest mountain in Chin State, next to Mount Victoria.
2021 (MMXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2021st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 21st year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 2nd year of the 2020s decade.
The People's Defence Force is the armed wing of the National Unity Government in Myanmar. The armed wing was formed by the NUG from youths and pro-democracy activists on 5 May 2021 in response to the coup d'état that occurred on 1 February 2021 that put the military junta and their armed wing the Tatmadaw in power. The military junta designated it as a terrorist organisation on 8 May 2021. In October 2021, NUG's Ministry of Defence announced that it had formed a central committee to coordinate military operations across the country.
The Myanmar Civil War, also known as the Burmese Civil War, Burmese Spring Revolution, or People's Defensive War, is an ongoing civil war since 2021. Following Myanmar's long-running insurgencies, which escalated significantly in response to the 2021 military coup d'état and the subsequent violent crackdown on anti-coup protests. The exiled National Unity Government and major ethnic armed organisations repudiated the 2008 Constitution and called instead for a democratic federal state. Besides engaging this alliance, the ruling government of the State Administration Council, or SAC, also contends with other anti-SAC forces in areas under its control. Hannah Beech of The New York Times observed the insurgents are apportioned into hundreds of armed groups scattered across the country.
The Chinland Defense Force is a rebel group in Myanmar. It was formed in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état to protect Chin State from the military junta. The CDF claims that they do not attack the military without cause and that they always issue a warning, such as releasing detainees and refraining from using violence against civilians. If the military does not respond, guerrilla or other action follows. They promise to return their weapons and disband if the revolution is successful. CDFs are members of CJDC. Chinland Joint Defense Committee (CJDC) is formed to serve Chin people's security services and protect an enemy from the illegal Myanmar Army. The total strength of active personnel under the command of CJDC is approximated to be around 15,000. From August to October 2021, it was reported that at least 40 clashes occurred between junta troops and CDF in various townships. CJDC claimed that at least 1,029 Tatmadaw soldiers were killed in the clashes and lost 58 of their own in 2021.
The following is a timeline of major events during the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), following the 2021 military coup d'état and protests. It was also a renewed intensity in existing internal conflict in Myanmar.
This is the list of important events happened in Myanmar in 2023.
Aye Nyein Thu, also known as A Nyein, is a Burmese doctor known for her voluntary work providing medical care to internally displaced people in Chin State, Myanmar. For her work, she was recognised as one of the BBC's 100 Women of 2022.
The Battle of Thantlang is a series of battles fought over the control of Thantlang town in Chin State, Myanmar between junta forces and local Chin rebels in 2021. The battle has left the town largely destroyed. In 2023, there continue to be clashes in Thantlang as the junta attempts to regain control of the township.
The Battle of Mindat was the first large-scale military engagement of the current Myanmar civil war between civilians and the State Administration Council. It took place in and around Mindat, Chin State, in northwestern Myanmar in April and May of 2021. The battle was reflected a growing trend of armed resistance in the lead-up to the formal declaration of war on 5 May by the National Unity Government of Myanmar. Mindat and Mindat Township continued to be a conflict-hit area and the battle was one of many clashes in Chin State since then.
The Chin Theater is one of the theaters of the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), with resistance forces fighting against the Tatmadaw military junta in Chin State, western Myanmar.
The Chinland Council is the legislature of the self-governing polity the State of Chinland. It was formed on 6 December 2023 following the adoption of the Chinland Constitution by the Chinland Convention that was ratified by 235 representatives of various Chin communities from the Chin State. The Chinland Council has 112 members variously from: the Chin National Front (CNF) (27), Chin officials elected for the now dissolved Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (13), and local administration organizations (68).
The Chin Brotherhood Alliance (CBA) is a military and political alliance between several ethnic armed organisations active in Chin State, Myanmar. Formed on 30 December 2023 during the Myanmar civil war, the claimed goal of the alliance is to foster collaboration concerning affairs in Chin State and in the Chin ethnic community. The alliance was created by local Chin people's defence forces who believed that the establishment of the Chinland Constitution, the Chinland Council, and the State of Chinland "did not adhere to democratic standards, lacked equality, and failed to represent and reflect the unity of the entire Chin ethnic group.
Throughout the long-running separatist insurgencies in Northeast India, dozens of India-based insurgent groups have been involved in the neighboring conflict in Myanmar, both sheltering in Myanmar from the counterinsurgent Assam Rifles and participating in the conflict itself. Outside of several Indian-led operations, including Operation Golden Bird in 1995, Operation Hot Pursuit in 2015, or Operation Sunrise I and II in 2019, areas in which these insurgent groups are active have scarcely experienced fighting. Amid the escalation of civil war in Myanmar from 2021, several sources claim that the majority of Indian ethnic armed organisations (IEAOs) are allied, or have some level of understanding, with the ruling military junta of Myanmar, who allows them to maintain bases inside mountainous areas of northern Myanmar, typically in return for the IEAOs attacking anti-junta resistance groups.
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