PRS for Music

Last updated

PRS for Music
IndustryFinancial and Legal Collections
Predecessor
Founded1914;110 years ago (1914)
Headquarters
London
,
United Kingdom
Key people
 Andrea C. Martin (CEO)
Revenue
  • Increase2.svg £537.4m / Distributed £460.9m (2015)
  • Increase2.svg £621.5m / Distributed £527.6m (2016)
  • Increase2.svg £717.0m / Distributed £605.1m (2017)
  • Increase2.svg £746.0m / Distributed £648.4m (2018)
  • Increase2.svg £810.8m / Distributed £686m (2019)
  • Decrease2.svg £650.5m / Distributed £699.4m (2020)
  • Increase2.svg £777.1m / Distributed £677.2m (2021)
  • Increase2.svg £964m / Distributed £836m (2022)
  • Increase2.svg £1.08bn / Distributed £943.6m (2023)
Website www.prsformusic.com

PRS for Music Limited (formerly The MCPS-PRS Alliance Limited) is a British music copyright collective, made up of two collection societies: the Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS) and the Performing Right Society (PRS). It undertakes collective rights management for musical works on behalf of its 175,000 members. PRS for Music was formed in 1997 following the MCPS-PRS Alliance. In 2009, PRS and MCPS-PRS Alliance realigned their brands and became PRS for Music.

Contents

PRS represents their songwriter, composer and music publisher members’ performing rights, and collects royalties on their behalf whenever their music is played or performed publicly.

MCPS also represents songwriters, composers and music publishers – representing their mechanical rights, and collects royalties whenever their music is reproduced as a physical product – this includes CDs, DVDs, digital downloads and broadcast or online.

PRS (Performing Right Society) and MCPS (Mechanical Copyright Protection Society) are two separate collection societies with PRS running its own operations, providing services to MCPS under the name PRS for Music. As of 2018 PRS has entered a joint venture with Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) under a newly formed private company called PPL PRS Ltd with the aim of making it easier for their customers to obtain a music licence. [1]

History

The Performing Right Society was founded in 1914 by a group of music publishers, to protect the value of copyright and to help provide an income for composers, songwriters and music publishers. At the time, PRS collected fees for live performance from sheet music.

PRS was distinct from both the activities of the Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society which was founded in 1910, and the Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL), founded in 1934 by Decca and EMI.

The Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society began as Mecolico, the Mechanical Copyright Licenses Company, which was founded in 1910 in anticipation of the Copyright Act of 1911. Mecolico licensed the mechanical rights within musical works and merged with the Copyright Protection Society in 1924. [2] Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) collected fees for playing gramophone recordings.

Another agency, the British Copyright Protection Company or Britico was founded in 1932 by Alphonse Tournier, specialising on collecting royalties in the UK on French and German musical copyright, and becoming the British Copyright Protection Association in 1962. This company, Britico, started to share computer facilities with PRS in 1970.

Tariffs

PRS for Music administers the performance rights and mechanical rights of about 41 million [3] musical works on behalf of its songwriters, composers and publishing members and in 2018 processed over 11.1 trillion uses of music. PRS for Music licenses and collects royalties for its members' musical works whenever they are publicly performed, or recordings of them are broadcast, streamed online or played in public spaces, both in the UK and globally through its partner network. [4]

After operating costs are deducted, the remaining money is distributed to PRS for Music's songwriter, composer and publisher members and to affiliate societies.

The principal sources of PRS for Music revenue collection are broadcasting (i.e. radio and television channels), public performance (i.e. music at gigs, concerts, theatres, restaurants, retailers and workplaces), online (i.e. music streamed online, digitally downloaded), and international.

PRS for Music also has a number of tariffs for organisations in different sectors (businesses, government organisations, educational establishments, and so on). Dependent on their size and the extent to which each premises uses music, whether they are commercial premises or not, as well as other criteria, PRS for Music's tariffs vary.

Around 350,000 UK businesses [5] have paid and are licensed to play music under a PRS for Music licence, however some workplaces do not need one:

In 2018, PPL and PRS for Music formed a jointly owned subsidiary, PPL PRS Ltd, to collect all licence fees for public performances. PPL PRS Ltd is based in Leicester, England.

Initiatives

ICE – Global Licensing Hub

In July 2015, PRS for Music, Sweden collecting society STIM and German collecting society GEMA announced the completion of a joint venture to launch an integrated multi-territory music licensing and processing hub covering European territories. In November 2015, it was confirmed the new hub would be called 'ICE'. [7]

PRS for Music and PPL joint venture for public performance licensing

In February 2016, PRS for Music and PPL, the body who licenses the sound recording of a song, confirmed plans to create a new joint venture for public performance licensing. The new joint venture would focus on servicing all UK public performance licensing customers. The joint venture launched in 2018. [8]

Streamfair

In July 2015, PRS for Music launched a pro-creator campaign called Streamfair. [9] The campaign focused on four areas, Copyright Legislation, Online Licensing, Promoting the value of music creators and education. The campaign was supported by acclaimed songwriters and composers including Jimmy Napes, Michael Price, Crispin Hunt, Gary Clark and Debbie Wiseman.

Heritage Awards

The PRS for Music Heritage Award scheme launched in 2009 with the first award going to Blur. Ceremonial plaques are unveiled to honour the performance birthplaces of legendary bands, artists and songwriters - as well as recognising the network of pubs, clubs and live music venues. Those honoured include Squeeze, Elton John, Pulp, Queen and UB40. [10]

Financial information

In May 2016, PRS for Music announced its 2015 financial results, which showed an 8.4% increase in distributions to its songwriter members. [11] The figures for 2016 were announced in May 2017 showing that revenues increased by 10.1% and royalty payments to its members increased to £527.6 m (up 11.1%). [12] The organisation reported record royalty distributions in 2017, with a payout of £605.1 m (up 14.7%). [13]

Business area2014 (£m)2015 (£m)2016 (£m)2017 (£m)2018 (£m)2019 (£m)2020 (£m)2021 (£m)2022 (£m)
International188.3195.6233.7261.4280.60278.7248.6242.4272.4
Public Performance168.3175.2183.2198.1192.0222.286.2137.6228.9
Broadcast124.2119.3124.1134.6127.7130.8127.4129.3128.7
Online37.637.680.5122.9145.7179.1188.3267.8334
Total513.5537.4621.5717.0746.0810.8650.5777.1964.0

Licensing

In 2007, PRS for Music took a Scottish car servicing company to court because the employees were allegedly "listening to the radio at work, allowing the music to be 'heard by colleagues and customers'". [14] In June 2008, PRS for Music accused Lancashire Constabulary of playing music at police stations not covered by a license, and sought an injunction and payments for damages. [15]

In 2014, PRS for Music and commercial broadcaster ITV failed to negotiate a licensing deal resulting in a Copyright Tribunal dispute. In July 2016, The Copyright Tribunal awarded in favour of PRS for Music. [16] ITV appealed and subsequently lost a High Court appeal in early 2017. [17]

In 2015, PRS for Music entered into a licensing agreement with the Berlin-based company SoundCloud after several months of litigation. Terms of the deal were not disclosed. [18] [19]

Cross-border European licensing

The Santiago Agreement was established in 2000 between five European collecting societies including the UK's PRS for Music, France's SACEM, and Germany's GEMA. [20] The agreement allows each collecting society to collect royalties on behalf of members of the other collecting society, e.g. PRS for Music would collect money for German artists listed with GEMA, but to restrict licences to be sold only within the member organisation's home country.

The European Commission decided in 2008 that the cross-licensing agreements formed by 24 collecting societies in Europe were in violation of anti-competition laws. [21]

Schools

Along with Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL), PRS for Music use the Centre for Education and Finance Management (CEFM) as agents to collect licensing money from schools and colleges. [22] Universities have separate arrangements.

Enforcement

In 2008, PRS for Music began a concerted drive to make commercial premises pay for annual "performance" licences. In one case it told a 61-year-old mechanic that he would have to pay £150 to play his radio while he worked by himself. [23] It also targeted a bakery that played a radio in a private room at the back of the shop, [24] a woman who used a classical radio to calm her horses [25] and community centres that allowed children to sing carols in public. [26] However, questions have been raised about the tactic of targeting small businesses:

Radio stations pay large amounts of money to licensing organizations PRS and PPL for the music they play, and music has been on the radio for many years. During the war, there were programmes like Workers Playtime and Music While You Work. Now, many radio stations have features about workplaces. If the PRS force people to switch their radios off then how are these stations going to survive? Music has to be heard before people go out and buy it.

— The Bolton News [27]

In March 2009, the on line video-sharing site YouTube removed all premium music videos for UK users, even those supplied by record labels, due to a failure to find "mutually acceptable terms for a new licence" with PRS for Music. [28] [29] As a consequence, PRS for Music established the Fair Play for Creators campaign in order to provide a forum where musicians could "publicly demonstrate their concern over the way their work is treated by online businesses". [30] David Arnold, Jazzie B, Billy Bragg, Guy Chambers, Robin Gibb, Pete Waterman, Mike Chapman, Wayne Hector, Pam Sheyne and Debbie Wiseman sent a letter to The Times newspaper in support of the campaign launched by PRS for Music. [31] A rights deal was settled in September 2009 between PRS for Music and Google that allowed YouTube users in UK to view music videos. [32]

Wiltshire Constabulary refused to pay PRS for Music for a £32,000 licence fee in April 2009. Instead the force told all officer and civilian staff that music could no longer be played in their workplaces but that ban excluded patrol cars. A total of 38 of 49 UK police forces currently hold PRS for Music licences. [33]

In May 2009, the British Chambers of Commerce published a survey of business attitudes to PRS for Music. Just 6% of companies rated their experience as good or excellent. In contrast, over half said their experience had been poor or very poor. Businesses were also asked to submit comments about their experiences. Many of these replies referred to the PRS for Music's behaviour as "aggressive" and "threatening". [34]

In October 2009, PRS for Music apologised to a 56-year-old shelf-stacker at a village in Clackmannanshire for pursuing her for singing to herself while stacking shelves. PRS for Music initially told her that she would be prosecuted and fined thousands of pounds if she continued to sing without a "live performance" licence. However PRS for Music subsequently acknowledged its mistake. [35]

In October 2010, it was reported that Sussex Police, in a money-saving move, were not intending to renew their PRS for Music licence, meaning that police officers would no longer be able to listen to the radio in their squad cars or other work places. [36]

Independent Welsh agency

In 2012, a high per centage of Welsh-language musicians left PRS for Music to form a separate agency, Eos (Welsh for nightingale), after changes in the way PRS for Music calculates royalties led to a fifteen-fold decrease in payments. In 2007, PRS for Music had reclassified Welsh-language station BBC Radio Cymru as a local station, where previously it had been considered a national station. This led to a decrease in royalty rates from £7.50 per minute to 50p per minute of broadcast music. The English-language sister station, BBC Radio Wales, is classified by PRS for Music as a national station and attracts the higher rates. [37]

As of December 2012, Eos is in negotiations with the BBC, whose Welsh-language service is highly dependent on its members' output. From 1 January 2013, a PRS licence will not be required to play such music, and will not give any permission to do so. [38]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers</span> Non-profit performance-rights organization

The American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) is an American not-for-profit performance-rights organization (PRO) that collectively licenses the public performance rights of its members' musical works to venues, broadcasters, and digital streaming services.

A copyright collective is a non-governmental body created by copyright law or private agreement which licenses copyrighted works on behalf of the authors and engages in collective rights management. Copyright societies track all the events and venues where copyrighted works are used and ensure that the copyright holders listed with the society are remunerated for such usage. The copyright society publishes its own tariff scheme on its websites and collects a nominal administrative fee on every transaction.

A performance rights organisation (PRO), also known as a performing rights society, provides intermediary functions, particularly collection of royalties, between copyright holders and parties who wish to use copyrighted works publicly in locations such as shopping and dining venues. Legal consumer purchase of works, such as buying CDs from a music store, confer private performance rights. PROs usually only collect royalties when use of a work is incidental to an organisation's purpose. Royalties for works essential to an organisation's purpose, such as theaters and radio, are usually negotiated directly with the rights holder. The interest of the organisations varies: many have the sole focus of musical works, while others may also encompass works and authors for audiovisual, drama, literature, or the visual arts.

The Mechanical-Copyright Protection Society (MCPS) is an organisation that collects royalties and protects rights for music publisher, song writer and composer members, when their music is reproduced, in any format – including online, physical and synchronised.

APRA AMCOS consists of Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) and Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS), both copyright management organisations or copyright collectives which jointly represent over 100,000 songwriters, composers and music publishers in Australia and New Zealand. The two organisations work together to license public performances and administer performance, communication and reproduction rights on behalf of their members, who are creators of musical works, aiming to ensure fair payments to members and to defend their rights under the Australian Copyright Act (1968).

Music licensing is the licensed use of copyrighted music. Music licensing is intended to ensure that the owners of copyrights on musical works are compensated for certain uses of their work. A purchaser has limited rights to use the work without a separate agreement.

Phonographic Performance Limited (PPL) is a British music copyright collective. It is a private limited company that is registered in the UK. PPL was founded by Decca Records and EMI and incorporated on 12 May 1934, and undertakes collective rights management of sound recordings on behalf of its record-company members, and distributes the fees collected to both its record company members and performer members. As of 2022, PPL collected royalties for over 140,000 performers and recording rightsholders.

Public domain music is music to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.

Production music is recorded music that can be licensed to customers for use in film, television, radio and other media. Often, the music is produced and owned by production music libraries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irish Music Rights Organisation</span> Irish copyright collection and performing rights society

The Irish Music Rights Organisation (IMRO) is a national performance rights organisation based in Ireland. It administers the performing right in copyright music on behalf of its members and on behalf of the songwriters, composers and music publishers of the international overseas societies that are affiliated to it. As of December 2022, IMRO had over 17,000 members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Digital DJ licensing</span> Type of music licence

A digital DJ licence is required in some countries, including the United Kingdom , Finland, Belgium and Italy, to publicly play digital copies of copyrighted music. The licence allows a DJ to copy music from original CDs, vinyl or other media, to a computer's hard drive, an MP3 player or other digital audio players, for example to be used with a vinyl emulation software program, or in some cases to other digital media, such as CD-R or MiniDisc. In the countries where digital DJ licensing is used, the licence is also required for playing music originally bought and downloaded directly on to a computer, usually in MP3 or similar format, unless the licence of the online music store explicitly allows the public performance of the downloaded tracks.

An Internet radio license is a specific type of broadcast license that allows the licensee to operate an Internet radio station. The licensing authority and number of licenses required varies from country to country, with some countries requiring multiple to cover various areas of a station's operation, and other countries not having stringent licensing procedures in place. Licensing costs also vary, based on the number of listeners that a station has, as well as other factors such as the number of songs played, the number of broadcast hours, and whether tracks are dubbed to a digital playout system.

The Music Publishers Association (MPA) is a non-profit organisation representing music publishers in the United Kingdom since 1881. It "exists to safeguard and promote the interests of music publishers and the writers signed to them; represent these interests to government, the music industry, the media and the public, provide publishers with a forum, a collective voice and a wide range of benefits, services and training courses; promote an understanding of the value of music and the importance of copyright; and provide information and guidance to members of the public". The MPA is a member of the music industry umbrella organisation UK Music.

John Truelove is an English record producer, DJ and music entrepreneur.

Collective rights management is the licensing of copyright and related rights by organisations acting on behalf of rights owners. Collective management organisations (CMOs), sometimes also referred to as collecting societies, typically represent groups of copyright and related rights owners, i.e.; authors, performers, publishers, phonogram producers, film producers and other rights holders. At the least, rights holders authorize collective rights management organizations to monitor the use of their works, negotiate licenses with prospective users, document correct right management data and information, collect remuneration for use of copyrighted works, ensuring a fair distribution of such remuneration amongst rightsholders. CMOs also act on legal mandates. Governmental supervision varies across jurisdictions.

Music royalties are royalty payments for the writing and performing of music. Unlike other forms of intellectual property, music has a strong linkage to individuals – composers (score), songwriters (lyrics) and writers of musical plays – in that they can own the exclusive copyright to created music and can license it for performance independent of corporates. Recording companies and the performing artists that create a "sound recording" of the music enjoy a separate set of copyrights and royalties from the sale of recordings and from their digital transmission.

The Southern African Music Rights Organisation (SAMRO), is a copyright asset management society. It was established by the South African Copyright Act, and aims to protect the intellectual property of music creators by licensing music users, collecting licence fees and distributing royalties to music creators. SAMRO represents more than 15,000 Southern African music composers, lyricists/authors and music publishers. The organisation administers performing rights.

The Jamaica Association of Composers, Authors and Publishers (JACAP) is a Jamaican not-for-profit membership collective management organization which was established in 1998. JACAP administers the public performance and, if assigned also, the mechanical (reproductive) rights and synchronization rights of lyricists (authors), music composers and music publishers in Jamaica. JACAP is a member of the umbrella organisation for copyright societies CISAC - The International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers. JACAP is also a founding member of The Association of Caribbean Copyright Societies (ACCS).

Phonographic Performance Limited India, commonly known as PPL India, is an Indian collective rights management organization (CMO), founded in 1941. The company controls the Public Performance rights of 317 music labels, with more than 1.5 million foreign and 0.8 million Indian songs in their repertoire. Additionally, PPL also holds the Radio Broadcast licensing rights of 268 record labels. The tracks represented by the organization encompass numerous languages including English, Hindi, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Bengali.

References

  1. ↑ Cook, M.A. (1996). "Where are the customers? Marketing GIS". IEE Colloquium on Making Life Easier - Network Design and Management Tools. Vol. 1996. IEE. p. 1. doi:10.1049/ic:19961153.
  2. ↑ Billboard - 6 November 1976 "The history of the Mechanical Copyright Protection Society, MCPS. started with a move by several London music publish ... Ltd. It was a merger with a similar organization, the Copyright Protection Society Ltd. in 1924, which led to the adoption of the title Mechanical Copyright Protection ..."
  3. ↑ "Home Page". Prsformusic.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  4. ↑ "PRS for Music Posts Record Revenues: 'There Are Far More Opportunities to Collaborate Than Compete'". billboard.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  5. ↑ "PRS Big Numbers". prsformusic.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  6. ↑ "Do I need a licence?". prsformusic.com. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "Home | Ice Rights". Icerights.com. 2 November 2015. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  8. ↑ "PPL and PRS announce joint venture to simplify public performance licensing | Complete Music Update". Completemusicupdate.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  9. ↑ "PRS for Music launches Streamfair". M-magazine.co.uk. 3 July 2015. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  10. ↑ "Heritage Awards". Prsformusic.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  11. ↑ "Our track record". prsformusic.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  12. ↑ "UK Collection Society PRS for Music Posts Record Revenues for 2016". Billboard. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  13. ↑ "'We're still growing faster than the market': PRS CEO Robert Ashcroft hails record results". Musicweek.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  14. ↑ Kwik-Fit sued over staff radios, BBC, 5 October 2007, archived from the original on 19 January 2009, retrieved 20 June 2009
  15. ↑ Sutcliffe, Camilla (12 June 2008). "Lancashire Police face music over copyright". This Is Lancashire . Archived from the original on 20 June 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  16. ↑ "PRS For Music hails ITV Copyright Tribunal win". Music Week . Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  17. ↑ "ITV loses High Court appeal against PRS For Music rate ruling". Complete Music Update . Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  18. ↑ "SoundCloud and PRS For Music Strike Deal - 'A Pointer on the Road'". Billboard. 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  19. ↑ "SoundCloud reaches agreement with PRS for Music over licensing". BBC Newsbeat. 21 December 2015. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  20. ↑ Deas, Luisa. "Commission consults on music royalties deal". Out-law.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
  21. ↑ "Unknown (subscription required)". Worldlawreport.com. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
  22. ↑ "CEFM: Licensing - PRS for Music: Schools". Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
  23. ↑ "Mechanic must pay £150 to listen to radio", Nottingham Evening Post , 15 October 2008, archived from the original on 15 March 2009, retrieved 3 April 2009
  24. ↑ Lavender, Jane (8 October 2008), "Radio ga ga at Bolton pasty shop", The Bolton News, archived from the original on 26 August 2009, retrieved 3 April 2009
  25. ↑ Bingham, John (27 March 2009), "Woman who plays classical music to soothe horses told to get licence", The Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 7 January 2010, retrieved 21 October 2009
  26. ↑ Copyright Cops Target Kids' Schools and Community Centers, TorrentFreak, 15 October 2008, archived from the original on 3 April 2009, retrieved 3 April 2009
  27. ↑ Pendlebury, Steve (15 October 2008), "Use of radio is widespread at work", The Bolton News , archived from the original on 14 March 2009, retrieved 3 April 2009
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  29. ↑ Cochrane, Greg (10 March 2009), YouTube row: Will music fans lose out?, BBC Radio 1 Newsbeat, archived from the original on 13 March 2009, retrieved 3 April 2009
  30. ↑ "Fair Play for Creators website". Fairplayforcreators.com. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
  31. ↑ "Sounds of YouTube -Google must play a fair price for YouTube", The Times , London, 2 April 2009, archived from the original on 5 September 2011, retrieved 3 April 2009
  32. ↑ Foster, Patrick (3 September 2009), "Harmony restored as YouTube deal with PRS ends video dispute", The Times , London, archived from the original on 4 September 2020, retrieved 14 September 2009
  33. ↑ Savill, Richard (15 April 2009). "Police force bans music following licence fee row". Daily Telegraph . London. Archived from the original on 24 January 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  34. ↑ "Performing Rights Society requires urgent review, says BCC". The British Chambers of Commerce. 1 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
  35. ↑ "Apology for singing shop worker", BBC News , 21 October 2009, archived from the original on 4 September 2020, retrieved 21 October 2009
  36. ↑ "Sussex Police saves £24,000 by cancelling music licence - BBC News". BBC News. 20 October 2010. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  37. ↑ "Welsh musicians to launch new agency in PRS royalty row". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  38. ↑ "Newid breindaliadau i arwain at fethu darlledu miloedd o ganeuon? - BBC Cymru Fyw". BBC Cymru Fyw (in Welsh). 5 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
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