PVT1 | |||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||
Aliases | PVT1 , LINC00079, NCRNA00079, onco-lncRNA-100, Pvt1 oncogene (non-protein coding), MYC, MIR1204HG, Pvt1 oncogene | ||||||
External IDs | OMIM: 165140 GeneCards: PVT1 | ||||||
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Species | Human | Mouse | |||||
Entrez |
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Ensembl |
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UniProt |
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RefSeq (mRNA) |
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RefSeq (protein) |
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Location (UCSC) | n/a | n/a | |||||
PubMed search | [1] | n/a | |||||
Wikidata | |||||||
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Pvt1 oncogene (non-protein coding), also known as PVT1 or Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 is a long non-coding RNA gene. [2] In mice, this gene was identified as a breakpoint site in chromosome 6;15 translocations. These translocations are associated with murine plasmacytomas. [3] The equivalent translocation in humans is t(2;8), which is associated with a rare variant of Burkitt's lymphoma. [4] In rats, this breakpoint was shown to be a common site of proviral integration in retrovirally induced T lymphomas. [5] Transcription of PVT1 is regulated by Myc. [6]
Overexpression of PVT1 could lead to tumorigenesis in three ways. Rearrangements of DNA through the fusion of PVT1 and Oncogene tumor suppressor could lead to the dysregulation of oncogene or tumor suppressor genes, eventually leading to tumorigenesis. Next, expression of the PVT1-encoded miRNAs can downregulate tumor suppressor genes, causing tumorigenesis. Finally, increase in the interaction of MYC with PVT1 can lead to tumorigenesis. [7]
Overexpression of PVT1 located at 8q24.21 region of the chromosome is associated with many cancers in human [7] through dysregulation of certain different genes in different cancers. For instance, the overexpression of PVT1 in prostate Cancer downregulates the miR-146a gene that leads to a decrease of miR-146a levels in a cell, through the methylation of CpG island on its promoter region, promoting the suppression of the cancer cell apoptosis. [8] Furthermore, activity of lncPVT1 and its associated microRNAs has been shown to influence chemotherapy resistance in multiple cancers by epigenetic regulation or direct repression of other non-coding transcripts. [9]
An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, these genes are often mutated, or expressed at high levels.
Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, the Irish surgeon who first described the disease in 1958 while working in equatorial Africa. The overall cure rate for Burkitt lymphoma in developed countries is about 90%, but worse in low-income countries. Burkitt lymphoma is uncommon in adults, in whom it has a worse prognosis.
Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors. The Myc family consists of three related human genes: c-myc (MYC), l-myc (MYCL), and n-myc (MYCN). c-myc was the first gene to be discovered in this family, due to homology with the viral gene v-myc.
N-myc proto-oncogene protein also known as N-Myc or basic helix-loop-helix protein 37 (bHLHe37), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCN gene.
Suzanne Cory is an Australian molecular biologist. She has worked on the genetics of the immune system and cancer and has lobbied her country to invest in science. She is married to fellow scientist Jerry Adams, also a WEHI scientist, whom she met while studying for her PhD at the University of Cambridge, England.
The miR-17 microRNA precursor family are a group of related small non-coding RNA genes called microRNAs that regulate gene expression. The microRNA precursor miR-17 family, includes miR-20a/b, miR-93, and miR-106a/b. With the exception of miR-93, these microRNAs are produced from several microRNA gene clusters, which apparently arose from a series of ancient evolutionary genetic duplication events, and also include members of the miR-19, and miR-25 families. These clusters are transcribed as long non-coding RNA transcripts that are processed to form ~70 nucleotide microRNA precursors, that are subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide products. The mature microRNA products are thought to regulate expression levels of other genes through complementarity to the 3' UTR of specific target messenger RNA.
snoRNA U50 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.
MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYC gene which is a member of the myc family of transcription factors. The protein contains basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structural motif.
Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PIM1 gene.
Protein SSX2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX2 gene.
L-myc-1 proto-oncogene protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCL1 gene.
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRD4 gene.
Protein SSX1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSX1 gene.
Protein lyl-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LYL1 gene.
Joshua T. Mendell, M.D., Ph.D., is a professor of molecular biology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, where he is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Before moving to UT Southwestern, Mendell was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute early career scientist at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. His molecular biology research examines microRNA (miRNA) regulation and function, with particular emphasis on miRNAs and cancer.
Genome instability refers to a high frequency of mutations within the genome of a cellular lineage. These mutations can include changes in nucleic acid sequences, chromosomal rearrangements or aneuploidy. Genome instability does occur in bacteria. In multicellular organisms genome instability is central to carcinogenesis, and in humans it is also a factor in some neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy.
Raji is the first continuous human cell line of hematopoietic origin. The Raji cell line is widely used as a transfection host.
EWS/FLI1 is an oncogenic protein that is pathognomonic for Ewing sarcoma. It is found in approximately 90% of all Ewing sarcoma tumors with the remaining 10% of fusions substituting one fusion partner with a closely related family member.