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Transphobia consists of negative attitudes, feelings, or actions towards transgender people or transness in general. Transphobia can include fear, aversion, hatred, violence or anger towards people who do not conform to social gender roles. Transphobia is a type of prejudice and discrimination, similar to racism, sexism, or ableism, and it is closely associated with homophobia. Transgender people of color can experience many different forms of discrimination simultaneously.
Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how individuals' various social and political identities result in unique combinations of discrimination and privilege. Intersectionality identifies multiple factors of advantage and disadvantage. Examples of these factors include gender, caste, sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, religion, disability, weight, and physical appearance. These intersecting and overlapping social identities may be both empowering and oppressing. However, little good-quality quantitative research has been done to support or undermine the theory of intersectionality.
Patricia Hill Collins is an American academic specializing in race, class, and gender. She is a distinguished university professor of sociology emerita at the University of Maryland, College Park. She is also the former head of the Department of African-American Studies at the University of Cincinnati, and a past president of the American Sociological Association (ASA). Collins served in 2009 as the 100th president of the ASA – the first African-American woman to hold this position.
Sex differences in crime are differences between men and women as the perpetrators or victims of crime. Such studies may belong to fields such as criminology, sociobiology, or feminist studies. Despite the difficulty of interpreting them, crime statistics may provide a way to investigate such a relationship from a gender differences perspective. An observable difference in crime rates between men and women might be due to social and cultural factors, crimes going unreported, or to biological factors for example, testosterone or sociobiological theories). The nature of the crime itself may also require consideration as a factor.
Gaslighting, also called coercive control, historically referred to extreme psychological manipulation to commit an individual to a psychiatric institution or cause mental illness with the intent to brainwash. In contemporary language, gaslighting is a colloquialism describing the subjective experience of having one's reality repeatedly questioned by another. Merriam Webster cites deception of one's memory, perception of reality, or mental stability. This term, derived from the 1944 American film Gaslight, entered colloquial English usage in the mid-2010s. In a 2022 Washington Post report, it was described as a "trendy buzzword" frequently used to describe ordinary disagreements, rather than those situations that align with the word's historical definition.
Gender is correlated with the prevalence of certain mental disorders, including depression, anxiety and somatic complaints. For example, women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression, while men are more likely to be diagnosed with substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder. There are no marked gender differences in the diagnosis rates of disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Men are at risk to suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to past violent experiences such as accidents, wars and witnessing death, and women are diagnosed with PTSD at higher rates due to experiences with sexual assault, rape and child sexual abuse. Nonbinary or genderqueer identification describes people who do not identify as either male or female. People who identify as nonbinary or gender queer show increased risk for depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. People who identify as transgender demonstrate increased risk for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is domestic violence by a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. IPV can take a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic and sexual abuse. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines IPV as "any behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm to those in the relationship, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviors." IPV is sometimes referred to simply as battery, or as spouse or partner abuse.
Women in Uganda have substantial economic and social responsibilities throughout Uganda's many traditional societies. Ugandan women come from a range of economic and educational backgrounds. Despite economic and social progress throughout the country, domestic violence and sexual assault remain prevalent issues in Uganda. Illiteracy is directly correlated to increased level of domestic violence. This is mainly because household members can not make proper decisions that directly affect their future plans. Government reports suggest rising levels of domestic violence toward women that are directly attributable to poverty.
Domestic violence is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. Domestic violence is often used as a synonym for intimate partner violence, which is committed by one of the people in an intimate relationship against the other person, and can take place in relationships or between former spouses or partners. In its broadest sense, domestic violence also involves violence against children, parents, or the elderly. It can assume multiple forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, reproductive, financial abuse, or sexual abuse. It can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and other violent physical abuse, such as choking, beating, female genital mutilation, and acid throwing that may result in disfigurement or death, and includes the use of technology to harass, control, monitor, stalk or hack. Domestic murder includes stoning, bride burning, honor killing, and dowry death, which sometimes involves non-cohabitating family members. In 2015, the United Kingdom's Home Office widened the definition of domestic violence to include coercive control.
Lisa Nakamura is an American professor of media and cinema studies, Asian American studies, and gender and women’s studies. She teaches at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where she is also the Coordinator of Digital Studies and the Gwendolyn Calvert Baker Collegiate Professor in the Department of American Cultures.
Domestic violence against men is violence or other physical abuse towards men in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. As with domestic violence against women, violence against men may constitute a crime, but laws vary between jurisdictions. Intimate partner violence (IPV) against men is generally less recognized by society than intimate partner violence against women, which can act as a further block to men reporting their situation.
Violence against men is a term for violent acts that are disproportionately or exclusively committed against men or boys. Men are over-represented as both victims and perpetrators of violence.
Beth E. Richie is a professor of African American Studies, Sociology, Gender and Women's Studies, and Criminology, Law, and Justice at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) where she currently serves as head of the Criminology, Law, and Justice Department. From 2010 to 2016, Dr. Richie served as the director of the UIC Institute of Research on Race and Public Policy. In 2014, she was named a senior adviser to the National Football League Players Association Commission on domestic violence and sexual assault. Of her most notable awards, Dr. Richie has been awarded the Audre Lorde Legacy Award from the Union Institute, the Advocacy Award from the US Department of Health and Human Services, and the Visionary Award from the Violence Intervention Project. Her work has been supported by multiple foundations including Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the National Institute for Justice, and the National Institute of Corrections.
The management of domestic violence deals with the treatment of victims of domestic violence and preventing repetitions of such violence. The response to domestic violence in Western countries is typically a combined effort between law enforcement, social services, and health care. The role of each has evolved as domestic violence has been brought more into public view.
Domestic violence within lesbian relationships is the pattern of violent and coercive behavior in a female same-sex relationship wherein a lesbian or other non-heterosexual woman seeks to control the thoughts, beliefs, or conduct of her female intimate partner. In the case of multiple forms of domestic partner abuse, it is also referred to as lesbian battering.
Sexual assault of LGBT people, also known as sexual and gender minorities (SGM), is a form of violence that occurs within the LGBT community. While sexual assault and other forms of interpersonal violence can occur in all forms of relationships, it is found that sexual minorities experience it at rates that are equal to or higher than their heterosexual counterparts. There is a lack of research on this specific problem for the LGBT population as a whole, but there does exist a substantial amount of research on college LGBT students who have experienced sexual assault and sexual harassment.
Jill B. Becker is an American psychological researcher, studying sex differences in addiction using preclinical models. Becker is the Biopsychology Area Chair and the Patricia Y. Gurin Professor of Psychology at University of Michigan..She has advocated for greater research into sex/gender differences, particularly in the area of Substance Use Disorder.
Fatma Müge Göçek is a Turkish sociologist and professor at the University of Michigan. She wrote the book Denial of Violence in 2015 concerning the prosectution of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, for which she received the Mary Douglas award for best book from the American Sociological Association. In 2017, she won a Distinguished Faculty Achievement Award from the university.
The Gaslight Effect: How to spot and survive the hidden manipulation others use to control your life, is a book by psychologist Robin Stern which has been credited with popularizing the term "gaslighting".
Erin Ann Cech is an American sociologist who is an associate professor and director of undergraduate studies at the University of Michigan. Her research considers inequalities, gender and sexuality. Her first book, The Trouble with Passion: How Searching for Fulfilment at Work Fosters Inequality, was published in 2021.
References
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- ↑ "Paige L. Sweet | U-M LSA Sociology". lsa.umich.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
- ↑ Sweet, Paige L. (2019-09-20). "The Sociology of Gaslighting". American Sociological Review. 84 (5): 851–875. doi:10.1177/0003122419874843. ISSN 0003-1224.
- ↑ "What Is Gaslighting? Definition, Examples And Support". Forbes Health. 2022-03-17. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
- ↑ "Examples of Gaslighting in a Relationship". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/opinion/caleb-love-bombing-gaslighting-trauma.html(subscription+required)
- ↑ Sweet, Paige (November 2021). The Politics of Surviving: How Women Navigate Domestic Violence and Its Aftermath. ISBN 978-0-520-37771-4.
- ↑ "Paige L. Sweet | U-M LSA Sociology". lsa.umich.edu. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ↑ "Race, Gender and Class Award Recipient History". American Sociological Association. 10 October 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ↑ Fraser, Sarah (12 May 2021). "CFP Podcast: Third Rail: Gaslighting in medicine". cfppodcast.libsyn.com. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ↑ "Paige L. Sweet". lsa.umich.edu. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ↑ Carter, Elisabeth (7 November 2020). "Distort, Extort, Deceive and Exploit: Exploring the Inner Workings of a Romance Fraud". The British Journal of Criminology. 61 (2): 283–302. doi: 10.1093/bjc/azaa072 .
- 1 2 3 Conrad, Marissa (22 June 2021). "What Is Gaslighting And How Do You Deal With It?". Forbes Health. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ↑ Cares, Alison C.; Reckdenwald, Amy; Fernandez, Ketty (2021). "4. Domestic violence and abuse through a sociological lens". In Devaney, John; Bradbury-Jones, Caroline; Macy, Rebecca J.; Øverlien, Carolina; Holt, Stephanie (eds.). The Routledge International Handbook of Domestic Violence and Abuse. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-367-33485-7.
- ↑ Murray, Douglas (2021). "10. "Fearful of being pursued, yet determined to persevere": Northanger Abbey and the #MeToo movement". In Holland, Mary K.; Hewett, Heather (eds.). #MeToo and Literary Studies: Reading, Writing, and Teaching about Sexual Violence and Rape Culture. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-5013-7274-2.
- ↑ "The Dangers of Sexual Gaslighting | Psychology Today United Kingdom". www.psychologytoday.com. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
- ↑ Sebring, Jennifer C. H. (25 August 2021). "Towards a sociological understanding of medical gaslighting in western health care". Sociology of Health & Illness. 43 (9): 1951–1964. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13367. ISSN 1467-9566. PMID 34432297. S2CID 237290853.
- ↑ "Covid-19 knowledge and the 'bad expert'". the polyphony. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.