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Transport in Pakistan is extensive and varied, and serves a population of over 212.2 million people. In recent years, new national highways have been built, with the addition of motorways which have improved trade and logistics within the country. Pakistan's rail network owned by Pakistan Railways is also undergoing expansion in recent years. Airports and seaports have been built with the addition of foreign and domestic funding. Transportation challenges in developing countries like Pakistan are escalating due to poor planning, inadequate governance, and corrupt practices. Consequently, these nations are grappling with a significant crisis in their transportation systems.
Gwadar is a port city located on the southwestern coast of the Pakistani province of Balochistan and serves as the capital of the South Balochistan region. The city is located on the shores of the Arabian Sea, opposite to Oman and has a population of over 90,000 according to the 2017 census. It was an overseas possession of the Oman from 1783 to 1958. It is about 120 km (75 mi) southwest of Turbat. The sister port city of Chabahar in Iran's Sistan and Baluchestan provinces is about 170 km (110 mi) to the west of Gwadar. On 2 April 2021, it was declared the capital of the south Balochistan region.
The Gwadar Port is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan and is under the administrative control of the Maritime Secretary of Pakistan and operational control of the China Overseas Port Holding Company. The port features prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) plan, and is considered to be a link between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Maritime Silk Road projects. It is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Turbat, and 170 kilometres (110 mi) to the east of Chabahar Port.
China–Pakistan relations, also referred to as Chinese-Pakistani relations or Sino–Pakistani relations, refers to the bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of China (PRC). Formal relations between China and Pakistan were established in 1950, when the Dominion of Pakistan was among the first countries to sever diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC) government in favour of recognizing the PRC as the legitimate "China". Since then, relations between the two countries have been extremely cordial for more than half a century, which are influenced by their similar geopolitical interests. Both countries have placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a "special relationship" between them, and their regular exchanges of high-level visits have culminated in the establishment of various cooperative measures. China has provided economic, technical, and military assistance to Pakistan; both sides regard each other as close strategic allies.
The M-8 is an east–west motorway in Pakistan, connecting Sukkur- Larkana to Gwadar. The motorway is partly currently under-construction, while the 193 kilometre stretch between Gwadar and Hoshab was inaugurated in February 2016. A timeline for the completion of the motorway is not available due to the difficult terrain in which the motorway is being constructed.
The M-5 motorway, also known as Multan–Sukkur Motorway, is a north–south motorway in Pakistan, which connects Multan with Sukkur. The motorway is a 392 km long, high-speed, controlled-access, six-lane motorway that forms part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a 3000 km Chinese infrastructure network project undertaken in Pakistan. This sea-and-land-based corridor is aimed to secure and reduce the passage for China's energy imports from the Middle East by avoiding the existing route from the Straits of Malacca between Malaysia and Indonesia, which in case of war could be blocked and thus hampering the Chinese energy dependent economic avenues. Developing a deep water port at Gwadar in the Arabian Sea and a well built road and rail line from this port to Xinjiang Province in western China would be a shortcut for boosting the trade between Europe and China. In Pakistan, it aims to overcome an electricity shortfall, infrastructural development and modernize transportation networks. Along with shifting it from an agricultural based economic structure to industrial based.
Xi Jinping's visit to Pakistan from 20 to 21 April 2015, was the first state visit of Xi Jinping to Pakistan. Xi is the second Chinese leader to visit Pakistan in the 2010s after Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's visit to Pakistan between 22 and 23 May 2013. It was also Xi's first overseas trip of 2015. The trip led to the signing of accords for $46 billion of investment in Pakistan by China for the construction of roads, rails, and power plants to be built on a commercial basis by Chinese companies over 15 years. Most of the 51 projects were part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.
The Western Alignment refers to the portions of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which are located in the Pakistani provinces of northwestern Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan.
As part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, reconstruction and upgrade works are underway on the 887-kilometre-long (551 mi) National Highway 35 (N-35), which forms the Pakistani portion of the Karakoram Highway (KKH).
The Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project is an 820 kilometer long optical fiber cable laid down between the Khunjerab Pass on the China-Pakistan border and the city of Rawalpindi. It has been constructed as part of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor at an estimated cost of $44 million. Groundbreaking on the project took place on May 19, 2016, in the city of Gilgit. The line was first envisaged in 2009, with Pakistan and China signing an agreement in 2013 to implement the project. However the project was not implemented until being included as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Placement of the line will take an estimated 2 years, and will bring 3G and 4G connectivity to the Gilgit-Baltistan region.
Gwadar East Bay Expressway is a municipal expressway in Gwadar, Balochistan, Pakistan. The six lane expressway was inaugurated by Prime Minister of Pakistan Mian Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif on 3 June 2022. It connects Gwadar Port to the Makran Coastal Highway. The Gwadar Port Authority is supervising the project.
Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line is one of four main railway lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The line begins from Karachi City station or Kiamari station and ends at Peshawar Cantonment Station. The total length of this railway line is 1,687 kilometers (1,048 mi). There are 176 railway stations from Kiamari to Peshawar Cantonment on this line. The line serves as the main passenger and freight line of the country. 75% of the country's cargo and passenger traffic uses the line. The line will undergo through a six-year 6.8 billion us dollar upgrade and renovation as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, with an average rail speed expected to be doubled to 140 kilometers per hour upon completion. The railway track is dual between Karachi and Shahdara Bagh, Chaklala and Golra Sharif
The M-14 Motorway, also known as the Islamabad–Dera Ismail Khan Motorway and the Hakla–Yarik Motorway, is a four-lane north–south motorway in Pakistan. The 285-kilometre-long (177 mi) motorway is a part of the Western Alignment of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, and offers high speed road connections between the Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area, and the southern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province around Dera Ismail Khan.
The 34th Light Infantry Division, also known as Special Security Division (SSD), is a 2-star Pakistan Army formation, raised in September 2016 as a response to major concerns over how to protect the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its workforce from serious internal and external threats.
This is a list of the land border crossings of Pakistan with its four neighbours, namely Afghanistan, China, India and Iran.
China National Electric Engineering Co. Ltd. is a state-owned engineering company. A specialized engineering services contractor; the company focuses in the areas of Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC), Consultation, Operation & Maintenance and Rehabilitation in infrastructural and clean energy solutions for various industrial projects. CNEEC is an international engineering company, which has been listed in the top 225 International Contractors by USA's ENR.
The following is a list of railway border crossings of Pakistan. Pakistan Railways operates passenger and freight services with its neighboring countries. Some of the railway lines and services are operational, while others are non-operational or in proposal or planning stages.
The New Gwadar International Airport (NGIA) is being built and expected to be country's biggest when completed and be inaugurated by the Chinese leader Xi Jinping. Occupying 4,300 acres (17 km2) of land, it is located in Gurandani, 26 km north-east of the existing airport in Gwadar City on the south-western Arabian Sea coast of Balochistan region. NGIA is expected to cost $246 million. It is fully funded by China as a grant.
The Gwadar Coal–Power Plant represents a 300-megawatt (MW) coal-fired power facility situated in Gwadar, Balochistan, Pakistan. This power plant stands as a significant energy initiative within the framework of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The primary objective of this undertaking is to enhance the dependability of the indigenous power grid, thereby addressing the challenges faced in present economic advancement and urban development within the Gwadar region.
References
- ↑ Desk, NNPS (October 17, 2022). "Pak-China friendship hospital Gwadar to be completed by Dec 2022".
- ↑ "Pak-China Friendship Hospital Gwadar to complete by Dec 2022". January 7, 2022.
- ↑ "CPEC: Gwadar likely to have 50-bed modern hospital by Dec". Brecorder. January 10, 2022.
- ↑ "CPEC: Gwadar likely to have 50-bed modern hospital by Dec". Brecorder. January 10, 2022.
- 1 2 "Pak-China Friendship Hospital | China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Secretariat Official Website".
- 1 2 "Pak-China Friendship Hospital in Gwadar under CPEC to be completed by Dec 2022". www.radio.gov.pk.
- 1 2 "Pak-China Friendship Hospital to be completed in Dec '22". The Express Tribune. January 10, 2022.
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