Palio zosterae

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Palio zosterae
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked):clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Nudipleura
clade Nudibranchia
clade Euctenidiacea
clade Doridacea
Superfamily: Polyceroidea
Family: Polyceridae
Subfamily: Polycerinae
Genus: Palio
Species:P. zosterae
Binomial name
Palio zosterae
(O'Donoghue, 1924) [1]

Palio zosterae is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Polyceridae. [2]

Sea slug group of marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs

Sea slug is a common name for some marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are actually gastropods, i.e. they are sea snails that over evolutionary time have either completely lost their shells, or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a greatly reduced or internal shell. The name "sea slug" is most often applied to nudibranchs, as well as to a paraphyletic set of other marine gastropods without obvious shells.

Nudibranch order of molluscs

Nudibranchs are a group of soft-bodied, marine gastropod molluscs which shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", and "dragon". Currently, about 3,000 valid species of nudibranchs are known.

Polyceridae family of molluscs

The Polyceridae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Polyceroidea.

Contents

Distribution

This species was described from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It is found from Vancouver Island to Bodega Bay, California. [3]

Vancouver Island Island on the western coast of Canada

Vancouver Island is in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The island is 460 kilometres (290 mi) in length, 100 kilometres (62 mi) in width at its widest point, and 32,134 km2 (12,407 sq mi) in area. It is the largest island on the West Coast of the Americas.

British Columbia Province of Canada

British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. With an estimated population of 5.016 million as of 2018, it is Canada's third-most populous province.

Canada Country in North America

Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Canada's southern border with the United States, stretching some 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest bi-national land border. Its capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. As a whole, Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Consequently, its population is highly urbanized, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with 70% of citizens residing within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the southern border. Canada's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.

Ecology

Palio zosterae feeds on the bryozoans Bowerbankia gracilis and Membranipora membranacea . [4]

<i>Membranipora membranacea</i> species of bryozoan

Membranipora membranacea is a very widely distributed species of marine bryozoan known from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, usually in temperate zone environments. This bryozoan is a colonial organism characterized by a thin, mat-like encrustation, white to gray in color. It may be known colloquially as the sea-mat or lacy crust bryozoan and is often abundantly found encrusting seaweeds, particularly kelps.

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References

  1. ↑ O'Donoghue, C. H. (1924) Notes on the nudibranchiate Mollusca from the Vancouver Island region. IV. Additional species and records. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, 15(1): 1-33, pls. 1-2.
  2. ↑ Bouchet, P. (2015). Palio zosterae (O'Donoghue, 1924). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-13
  3. ↑ Behrens, D. W. (1991) Pacific coast nudibranchs: a guide to the opisthobranchs, Alaska to Baja California, 1- 107. Second Edition. Sea Challengers: Monterey, California.
  4. ↑ Rudman, W.B., 2003 (July 13) Palio zosterae (O'Donoghue, 1924). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
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