Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand

The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Location	North Zealand, Denmark
Criteria	Cultural: (ii), (iv)
Reference	1469
Inscription	2015 (39th Session)
Area	4,543 ha (11,230 acres)
Buffer zone	1,612.7 ha (3,985 acres)
Coordinates	55°54′49″N12°21′28″E / 55.9136°N 12.3578°E Coordinates: 55°54′49″N12°21′28″E / 55.9136°N 12.3578°E
	Location of Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand in Zealand Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand (Denmark)

Last updated August 14, 2021

The Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand is a collection of hunting grounds and forests north of Copenhagen. The landscape was submitted for admission to the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites on 1 August 2010 and was inscribed on 4 July 2015.^[1] The landscape comprises three main areas: Store Dyrehave, Gribskov and Jægersborg Dyrehave/Jægersborg Hegn, and contains the most significant hunting grounds for the medieval nobility in Denmark.^[1] The central-star grid design of the landscape, with numbered roads and stone posts, fences, demonstrates the unique planning and design of hunting landscapes in the 17th and 18th centuries.^[1]

Location

The three forests are all located in the North Zealand peninsula to the north of Copenhagen. Jægersborg Dyrehave with the fenced Jægersborg Hegn is closest to the capital on the peninsula's east coast. The square-shaped Store Dyrehave is located further to the north in the centre of the peninsula while Gribskov, further north still, is adjacent to Esrum Sø. Store Dyrehave and Gribskov are not far from Frederiksborg Palace and the town of Hillerød ^[2]

Background

The forests and related buildings in three locations to the north of Copenhagen formed parts of a well-preserved Baroque hunting landscape designed in the late 17th and early 18th centuries for the Danish monarchs to participate in par force hunting. The history of the area for hunting dates back to the Middle Ages when the Danish kings, the church and noblemen had estates and hunting grounds in the peninsula's hilly forests and undulating farmlands. In connection with the Danish Reformation, in 1536 King Frederick II confiscated the estates belonging to the Catholic Church. From 1560, the various estates were merged in order to establish an extensive royal hunting park across the North Zealand peninsula. It was, however King Christian V who, from 1670, put his army to work on creating a par force deer park around Ibstrup Castle. In his youth, the king had experienced par force hunting in France's forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He then imported hounds and huntsmen from England, renaming the castle Jægersborg (hunter's castle) and the estate Jægersborg Dyrehave (Jægersborg deer park).^[3]

One of the most important aspects of the par force hunt was that it provided a basis for demonstrating the absolute power of the monarch by developing connecting roads across the landscape. The entire North Zealand peninsula area was patterned with a Cartesian-based road system consisting of stars surrounded by distinct squares. Stone posts indicated whether roads led towards or away from the centre of the star. The mathematical approach reinforced the king's image as a representative of reason in line with Baroque ideals.^[3] The Danish orthogonal geometry of the road systems was an improvement on the star-shaped grids used in France and Germany as it provided equal access to all parts of the forest.^[2]

The Jægersborg hunting park contained no star-shaped road networks but was instead based on the presence of a royal hunting lodge, initially known as the Hermitage or Hubertus House. In 1736, it was rebuilt in Baroque style as Ermitageslottet or the Hermitage Hunting Lodge, with a grand view over the surrounding landscape from its hilltop location.^[3]

Danish Museum of Hunting and Forestry

Much of the preparatory work on the UNESCO nomination was undertaken by Jette Baagøe, director of the Danish Museum of Hunting and Forestry in Hørsholm and chair of the steering group which has worked on the nomination since 2010. The museum is expected to be the site manager and principal coordinator of information and news about the Par Force heritage site. On the basis of the significant increase in visitors to Stevns Museum resulting from the inclusion of Stevns Klint as a UNESCO heritage site in 2014, Baagøe expects more visitors to the museums of North Zealand, especially to the Museum of Hunting and Forestry where a special exhibition will be devoted to the Par Force Hunting Landscape in October 2015.^[4]

Related Research Articles

Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality is a municipality in the Capital Region of Denmark near Copenhagen on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand. It is part of the Greater Copenhagen area. The municipality borders Rudersdal Municipality to the north, Furesø Municipality to the west and Gladsaxe and Gentofte Municipality to the south. It borders the Øresund to the east.

Ringsted is a city located centrally in the Danish island of Zealand. It is the seat of a municipality of the same name.

Hørsholm is an urban area on the Øresund coast approximately 25 km (15.53 mi) north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers most of Hørsholm Municipality and straddles the borders neighbouring Fredensborg Municipality and Rudersdal Municipality.

Hillerød is a Danish town with a population of 33,703 located in the centre of North Zealand approximately 30 km to the north of Copenhagen, Denmark. Hillerød is the administrative centre of Hillerød Municipality and also the administrative seat of Region Hovedstaden, one of the five regions in Denmark. It is most known for its large Renaissance castle, Frederiksborg Castle, now home to the Museum of National History. Hillerød station is the terminus of one of the radials of the S-train network as well as several local railway lines. The town is surrounded by the former royal forests of Gribskov to the north and Store Dyrehave to the south.

Tisvilde is a small town with a population of 1,430 located on the north coast of the island Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark 60 km (37 mi) in Gribskov Municipality, northeast of Hillerød.

Gribskov Municipality Municipality in Hovedstaden, Denmark

Gribskov Kommune is a municipality in Region Hovedstaden. The municipality covers an area of 278 km², and has a total population of 40,850.

Fredensborg Palace is a palace located on the eastern shore of Lake Esrum in Fredensborg on the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in Denmark. It is the Danish Royal Family’s spring and autumn residence, and is often the site of important state visits and events in the Royal Family. It is the most used of the Royal Family’s residences.

Dyrehaven, officially Jægersborg Dyrehave, is a forest park north of Copenhagen. It covers around 11 km² (4.2 sq mi). Dyrehaven is noted for its mixture of huge, ancient oak trees and large populations of red and fallow deer. In July 2015, it was one of the three forests included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed as Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand.

North Zealand North-east parts of Zealand

North Zealand, also North Sealand, refers to the northern part of the Danish island of Zealand which is not clearly defined but generally covers the area north of Copenhagen. The Danish tourist authorities have recently introduced the term Danish Riviera to cover the area in view of its increasing importance for tourism. The area has three royal castles and offers resorts with beaches, as well as lakes and forests. In addition to Kronborg Castle, three of the North Zealand forest areas used for royal par force hunting are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Nødebo is a village located on the southwestern shores of Lake Esrum in Hillerød Municipality, North Zealand, some 40 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark. Nødebo Church, the oldest in the area, is notable for its church frescos and its early 16th century altarpiece. Nødebo Kro a historic inn, now serves as a community centre and local cultural venue. Nødebo is surrounded by Forest of Grib on three sides. Its par force hunting road well-preserved network was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2015. The Forest and Landscape College, now part of University of Copenhagen's Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources Management, is located in the northern part of Nødebo.

The Danish Museum of Hunting and Forestry was a state-owned museum in Hørsholm exhibiting objects connected with the history of hunting and forestry in Denmark. It is now closely associated with the UNESCO-listed Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand.

Gribskov is Denmark's fourth largest forest, comprising c. 5,600 ha of woodland situated in northern Zealand, west and south of Lake Esrum. The forest is owned and administered by the State of Denmark, and a part of the Kongernes Nordsjælland National Park. In July 2015, it was one of three forests included in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand.

Kongernes Nordsjælland is a national park in the northern region of the island of Zealand, Denmark. It opened in 2018.

Store Dyrehave is a forest located to the east of the village Ny Hammersholt immediately south of Hillerød, on both sides of Københavnsvej, in North Zealand, Denmark. Consisting of conifers and beech, it was enclosed with stone walls in 1619–28 as a royal deer park for hunting. In 1680, Christian V introduced a geometrical system of roads forming a star with eight branches for par force hunting. Although par force hunting was discontinued in 1777, the road system and numbered stone posts remain fully intact. Store Dyrehave is one of the three forests forming the Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Jette Baagøe is the director of the Danish Museum of Hunting and Forestry in Hørsholm where she has worked since 1984. She headed the steering group that began work on the nomination of The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand, which was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List on 4 July 2015.

The park of Frederiksborg Castle is located to the north and west of Frederiksborg Castle in Hillerød, Denmark. It consists of a formal Baroque garden and a Romantic landscape garden.

Cottageparken is a public park located on the border between Taarbæk to the north and Klampenborg to the south, adjacent to Jægersborg Dyrehave and Bellevue Beach, on the Øresund coast north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is most notable for Den Røde Cottage and Den Gule Cottage, the only surviving buildings of Klampenborg Spa which opened at the site in the 1840s. They are now operated as restaurants. Den Røde Cottage has one star in the Michelin Guide. Until 2017 its chef was Anita Klemensen. The park is located within Klampenborg postal district but in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality.

Falkonergården was a royal Danish facility for stabling of peregrine falcons for falconry located in Frederiksberg outside Copenhagen from 1670. It closed in 1810 and the buildings have been demolished except for one wing which is still seen in an alley off Falkoner Allé. Falkonergården is commemorated in Frederiksberg Municipality's shield as well as in the names of several buildings and public spaces.

Tokkekøb Hegn is a forest located north of Blovstrød and east of Lillerød in Allerød Municipality, North Zealand, some 20 km north of central Copenhagen, Denmark.It adjoins Store Dyrehave to the north, although an open landscape surrounding the village of Kirkelte partly separates the two forests. To the south it adjoins the Høvelte-Sandholm military trainings grounds.

References

1 2 3 "Sites in Denmark, France and Turkey inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". unesco.org. UNESCO. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
1 2 "A par force hunting landscape in North Zealand, Denmark - World Heritage" (PDF). The Danish Museum of Hunting and Forestry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
1 2 3 Jette Baagøe (25 October 2012). "The North Zealand par force hunting landscape: Ansøgningsbilag 1". Allerød Kommune. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
↑ "Verdensarv i Nordsjælland: 4. juli 2015 optog UNESCOs verdensarvskomité Parforcejagtlandskabet i Nordsjælland på den fornemme liste over verdens kulturarv" (in Danish). Dansk Jagt- og Skovbrugsmuseum. 7 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.

Sources

The official site for the UNESCO par force hunting landscape in North Zealand
UNESCO (2015): The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand, admission and full description.
UNESCO (2010): The Parforce Hunting landscape in North Zealand, submission and arguments.
Source about the hunting dogs
source
Source
Historic images

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[unesco-1] 1 2 3 "Sites in Denmark, France and Turkey inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List". unesco.org. UNESCO. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 8 July 2015.

[jagtskov-2] 1 2 "A par force hunting landscape in North Zealand, Denmark - World Heritage" (PDF). The Danish Museum of Hunting and Forestry. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

[Baagde-3] 1 2 3 Jette Baagøe (25 October 2012). "The North Zealand par force hunting landscape: Ansøgningsbilag 1". Allerød Kommune. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.

[4] "Verdensarv i Nordsjælland: 4. juli 2015 optog UNESCOs verdensarvskomité Parforcejagtlandskabet i Nordsjælland på den fornemme liste over verdens kulturarv" (in Danish). Dansk Jagt- og Skovbrugsmuseum. 7 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.

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v t e World Heritage Sites in the Kingdom of Denmark
Denmark	Christiansfeld Jelling Mounds, Runic Stones and Church Kronborg Castle Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand Roskilde Cathedral Stevns Klint Wadden Sea
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