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Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes. The treatment process takes place in a wastewater treatment plant. There are several kinds of wastewater which are treated at the appropriate type of wastewater treatment plant. For domestic wastewater, the treatment plant is called a sewage treatment plant. For industrial wastewater, treatment either takes place in a separate industrial wastewater treatment plant, or in a sewage treatment plant. Further types of wastewater treatment plants include agricultural wastewater treatment plants and leachate treatment plants.
Dark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen. It is a complex process manifested by diverse groups of bacteria, involving a series of biochemical reactions using three steps similar to anaerobic conversion. Dark fermentation differs from photofermentation in that it proceeds without the presence of light.
CandidatusScalindua wagneri is a Gram-negative coccoid-shaped bacterium that was first isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. This bacterium is an obligate anaerobic chemolithotroph that undergoes anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). It can be used in the wastewater treatment industry in nitrogen reactors to remove nitrogenous wastes from wastewater without contributing to fixed nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission.
Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria. Strains of this species were originally isolated from an anaerobic digester used to treat wastewater from a tofu farm. The species is thermophilic and can grow at a temperature of 49.5 °C.
The adsorption/bio-oxidation process is a two-stage modification of the activated sludge process used for wastewater treatment. It consists of a high-loaded A-stage and low-loaded B-stage. The process is operated without a primary clarifier, with the A-stage being an open dynamic biological system. Both stages have separate settling tanks and sludge recycling lines, thus maintaining unique microbial communities in both reactors.
Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX) is a measure of the organic halogen load at a sampling site such as soil from a land fill, water, or sewage waste. The procedure measures chlorine, bromine, and iodine as equivalent halogens, but does not measure fluorine levels in the sample.
Kaistia granuli is a Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Gongju in Korea.
Macellibacteroides fermentans is a non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped and mesophilic bacterium from the genus of Macellibacteroides which has been isolated from an upflow anaerobic filter fore treating abattoir wastewaters in Tunisia.
Parabacteroides is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming genus from the family "Tannerellaceae".
Parabacteroides chinchillae is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from the faeces of the chinchilla in Japan.
Parabacteroides distasonis is a Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides.
Parabacteroides goldsteinii is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from human blood.
Parabacteroides johnsonii is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from human faeces in Japan.
Parabacteroides merdae is a Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from human faeces in the United States.
Parabacteroides acidifaciens is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from human faeces.
Parabacteroides chongii is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides which has been isolated from blood of a person who suffered from peritonitis.
Parabacteroides pacaensis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Parabacteroides.
Brassicibacter mesophilus is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Brassicibacter which has been isolated from food industry wastewater.
Haloimpatiens lingqiaonensis is a Gram-positive, peritrichous, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Haloimpatiens which has been isolated from wastewater from a paper mill.
Salimesophilobacter is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, heterotrophic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Clostridiaceae with one known species. Salimesophilobacter vulgaris has been isolated from wastewater from a paper mill in Zhejiang.
References
- 1 2 Parte, A.C. "Parabacteroides". LPSN .
- ↑ "Parabacteroides chartae Taxon Passport - StrainInfo". www.straininfo.net.
- ↑ "Parabacteroides chartae". www.uniprot.org.
- ↑ "Details: DSM-24967". www.dsmz.de.
- ↑ Tan, H.-Q.; Li, T.-T.; Zhu, C.; Zhang, X.-Q.; Wu, M.; Zhu, X.-F. (23 December 2011). "Parabacteroides chartae sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic species from wastewater of a paper mill". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 11): 2613–2617. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.038000-0 . PMID 22199215.
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