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Desmoxytes, whose species are commonly known as the dragon millipedes, is a genus of millipedes of the family Paradoxosomatidae found in Southeast Asia. The genus was described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1923, and reviewed by Sergei Golovatch and Henrik Enghoff in 1994. At least 18 species are known from to Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand. One species, D. planata, has also been observed in Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Seychelles, Java, Great Coco Island, and Fiji; however, this species has expanded its range by being transported through human activity. Several species have only recently been discovered, and some have yet to be officially described.
Polydesmida is the largest order of millipedes, containing approximately 3,500 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Polydesmids grow and develop through a series of moults, adding segments until they reach a fixed number in the adult stage, which is usually the same for a given sex in a given species, at which point the moulting and the addition of segments and legs stop. This mode of development, known as teloanamorphosis, distinguishes this order from most other orders of millipedes, which usually continue to moult as adults, developing through either euanamorphosis or hemianamorphosis.
Paradoxosomatidae, the only family in the suborder Paradoxosomatidea, is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. Containing nearly 200 genera and 975 species as of 2013, it is one of the largest families of millipedes. Paradoxosomatids occur on all continents except Antarctica, and can generally be distinguished by dorsal grooves on most body segments and a dumb-bell shaped gonopod aperture. Notable groups within the Paradoxosomatidae include the dragon millipedes of Southeast Asia, and the widely introduced greenhouse millipede Oxidus gracilis.
Anoplodesmus anthracinus is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It was previously thought to confined to Myanmar, the species was reported and documented from Malaysia and Sri Lanka in 2013.
Anoplodesmus humberti is a species of millipede in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus layardi is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus luctuosus is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Ramboda. The species sometimes placed in the genus Polydesmus of the family Polydesmidae.
Anoplodesmus inornatus, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus sabulosus, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, which was first documented from Kandy.
Anoplodesmus saussurii is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It was once thought endemic to Sri Lanka, but it was later found in Fiji and Mauritius.
Leptodesmus thwaitesii, is a species of millipedes in the family Chelodesmidae. It was once thought endemic to Sri Lanka, where first documented from Peradeniya.
Anoplodesmus stadelmanni, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Chondromorpha xanthotricha, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is native to South India and Sri Lanka. Two subspecies recognized.
Strongylosoma greeni, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first discovered from Pundaluoya, Nuwara Eliya.
Orthomorpha mikrotropis, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Pyragrogonus willeyi, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
Singhalorthomorpha cingalensis, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first found from Pundaluoya Valley, Nuwara Eliya.
Singhalorthomorpha serrulata, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka, first found from Nuwara Eliya.
Strongylosoma nietneri,, is a species of millipedes in the family Paradoxosomatidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.
References
- ↑ "Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka". Research Gate. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ↑ Stoev, Pavel; Golovatch, Sergei (2013). "The millipede family Paradoxosomatidae in the Philippines, with a description of Eustrongylosoma penevi sp.n., and notes on Anoplodesmus anthracinus Pocock, 1895, recorded in Malaysia and Sri Lanka for the first time (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)". Biodiversity Data Journal. 1: e957. doi:10.3897/BDJ.1.e957. PMC 3964709 . S2CID 26658335 . Retrieved 19 December 2016.
- ↑ "Paranedyopus simplex (Humbert, 1865) (accepted name)". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
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