The Dipterocarpaceae are a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-winged fruit. The largest genera are Shorea, Hopea, Dipterocarpus, and Vatica. Many are large forest-emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40–70 m, some even over 80 m, with the tallest known living specimen 93.0 m tall. The species of this family are of major importance in the timber trade. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpaceae occurs in Borneo. Some species are now endangered as a result of overcutting, extensive illegal logging, and habitat conversion. They provide valuable woods, aromatic essential oils, balsam, and resins, and are a source for plywood.
Dipterocarpus humeratus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name humeratus is derived from Latin and refers to the articulated petiole. D. humeratus is an emergent tree, up to 50 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on well-drained clay soils. The species is found scattered or semi-gregarious on undulating land and clay ridges below 700 m altitude. It is found in Sumatra and Borneo and occurs in at least three protected areas.
Campylospermum serratum is a plant in the family Ochnaceae. The specific epithet serratum is from the Latin meaning "with teeth", referring to the leaf margin. It is found in Tropical Asia, from Sulawesi, Indonesia to Hainan, Zhōngguó/China and over to southwester India. Gomphia serrata was a previous common name for the species. The plant is used for it wood and its sap is used in folk medicine and in the past for teeth-blackening.
Hopea nutans is a large rainforest tree species in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. The tallest measured specimen is 82.8 m tall in the Tawau Hills National Park, in Sabah on the island of Borneo.
Parashorea lucida is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The name lucida is derived from Latin and refers to the venation on the leaf. It is a tall emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on clay and clay soils. It is found in Sumatra and Borneo. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Parashorea macrophylla is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The name macrophylla is derived from Greek and refers to the species extremely large leaves. It is endemic to Borneo, being found in Brunei, Sarawak and West Kalimantan. The timber is sold under the trade name of white lauan or white seraya. It occurs in protected areas in Sarawak but elsewhere it is threatened by habitat loss.
Parashorea malaanonan is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. it is found in the Philippines and the northeast coast of Sabah in Borneo. The name malaanonan is derived from Tagalog and is a putative vernacular name for this species. It is a large emergent tree, up to 60 m, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on deep friable clay soils. It can still be found in forest reserves in the east coast of Sabah although elsewhere it is threatened by habitat loss. The timber is a light hardwood sold under the trade name of white lauan or white seraya.
Shorea argentifolia is an emergent rainforest tree species in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It native to Borneo. The species is threatened by habitat loss. The tallest recorded specimen is 84.9 m tall in the Tawau Hills National Park, in Sabah.
Shorea cordata is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name cordata is derived from Latin and refers to the shape of the leaf base. It is an emergent tree, up to 50 m, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on clay-rich soils over igneous rock.
Shorea micans is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to this species shiny leaves. It is a low emergent to main canopy tree, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on soils overlying ultrabasic rock.
Shorea superba is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to the stature and elegance of the tree.
Parashorea tomentella is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to eastern Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m tall, found in lowland dipterocarp forests on fertile clay soils. It is a light hardwood sold under the trade names of White Lauan or White Seraya. It is found in forest reserves on the east coast of Sabah.
Parashorea parvifolia is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The name parvifolia is derived from Latin and refers to species small leaves. It is endemic to Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 60 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on fertile clay soils. It is present in protected areas, including Lambir Hills National Park.
Cotylelobium burckii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after W. Burck, (1848–1910), a botanist that worked on the Dipterocarpaceae and the Sapotaceae. C. burckii is a canopy tree, up to 40 m, found in kerangas forests on deep white sand podsols. The species is endemic to Borneo. It is found in at least two protected areas.
Dryobalanops aromatica, commonly known as Borneo camphor, camphor tree, Malay camphor, or Sumatran camphor, is a species of critically endangered plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name aromatica is derived from Latin and refers to the smell of the dammar (resin). This species was one of the main sources of camphor and attracted early Arab traders to Borneo, at that time being worth more than gold, and used for incense and perfumes.
Dryobalanops beccarii, or Kapur Keladan, is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after Odoardo Beccari, 1843–1920, an Italian explorer and botanist. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It is a large emergent tree, up to 65 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forests on shallow leached soils over both sandstone and shale. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur. It is recorded from at least four protected areas.
Dryobalanops keithii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after H.G. Keith, 1899–1982, a Conservator of Forests in North Borneo. This species is endemic to Borneo, where it is threatened due to habitat loss. It is a main canopy to low emergent tree, up to 40 m tall, found in mixed dipterocarp forest on well-drained but moist clay soils. It is a heavy hardwood sold under the trade names of Kapur.
Shorea agamii is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species is named after J. Agama a one time forest officier in the Sabah Forestry Department. Two subspecies are recognised subsp. agamii and subsp diminuta. The subspecies name diminuta is derived from Latin and refers to the smaller leaves of this subspecies.
Shorea crassa is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin and refers to thick leaf blade.
Shorea exelliptica is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. This species has previously been confused with Shorea elliptica and the species name is derived to highlight this point.
