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Jean William Fritz Piaget was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology".
Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire,construct,and use it. Piaget's theory is mainly known as a developmental stage theory.
In psychology,developmental stage theories are theories that divide psychological development into distinct stages which are characterized by qualitative differences in behavior. Developmental stage theories are one type of structural stage theory.
Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing,conceptual resources,perceptual skill,language learning,and other aspects of the developed adult brain and cognitive psychology. Qualitative differences between how a child processes their waking experience and how an adult processes their waking experience are acknowledged. Cognitive development is defined as the emergence of the ability to consciously cognize,understand,and articulate their understanding in adult terms. Cognitive development is how a person perceives,thinks,and gains understanding of their world through the relations of genetic and learning factors. There are four stages to cognitive information development. They are,reasoning,intelligence,language,and memory. These stages start when the baby is about 18 months old,they play with toys,listen to their parents speak,they watch tv,anything that catches their attention helps build their cognitive development.
In psychology,centration is the tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other,possibly relevant aspects. Introduced by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget through his cognitive-developmental stage theory,centration is a behaviour often demonstrated in the preoperational stage. Piaget claimed that egocentrism,a common element responsible for preoperational children's unsystematic thinking,was causal to centration. Research on centration has primarily been made by Piaget,shown through his conservation tasks,while contemporary researchers have expanded on his ideas.
John H. Flavell is an American developmental psychologist specializing in children's cognitive development.
Evolutionary educational psychology is the study of the relation between inherent folk knowledge and abilities and accompanying inferential and attributional biases as these influence academic learning in evolutionarily novel cultural contexts,such as schools and the industrial workplace. The fundamental premises and principles of this discipline are presented below.
Domain specificity is a theoretical position in cognitive science that argues that many aspects of cognition are supported by specialized,presumably evolutionarily specified,learning devices. The position is a close relative of modularity of mind,but is considered more general in that it does not necessarily entail all the assumptions of Fodorian modularity. Instead,it is properly described as a variant of psychological nativism. Other cognitive scientists also hold the mind to be modular,without the modules necessarily possessing the characteristics of Fodorian modularity.
Domain-general learning theories of development suggest that humans are born with mechanisms in the brain that exist to support and guide learning on a broad level,regardless of the type of information being learned. Domain-general learning theories also recognize that although learning different types of new information may be processed in the same way and in the same areas of the brain,different domains also function interdependently. Because these generalized domains work together,skills developed from one learned activity may translate into benefits with skills not yet learned. Another facet of domain-general learning theories is that knowledge within domains is cumulative,and builds under these domains over time to contribute to our greater knowledge structure. Psychologists whose theories align with domain-general framework include developmental psychologist Jean Piaget,who theorized that people develop a global knowledge structure which contains cohesive,whole knowledge internalized from experience,and psychologist Charles Spearman,whose work led to a theory on the existence of a single factor accounting for all general cognitive ability.
Infant cognitive development is the first stage of human cognitive development,in the youngest children. The academic field of infant cognitive development studies of how psychological processes involved in thinking and knowing develop in young children. Information is acquired in a number of ways including through sight,sound,touch,taste,smell and language,all of which require processing by our cognitive system.
Nora S. Newcombe is the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology and the James H. Glackin Distinguished Faculty Fellow at Temple University. She is a Canadian-American researcher in cognitive development,cognitive psychology and cognitive science,and expert on the development of spatial thinking and reasoning and episodic memory. She was the principal investigator of the Spatial Intelligence and Learning Center (2006-2018),one of six Science of Learning Centers funded by the National Science Foundation.
Susan A. Gelman is currently Heinz Werner Distinguished University Professor of psychology and linguistics and the director of the Conceptual Development Laboratory at the University of Michigan. Gelman studies language and concept development in young children. Gelman subscribes to the domain specificity view of cognition,which asserts that the mind is composed of specialized modules supervising specific functions in the human and other animals. Her book The Essential Child is an influential work on cognitive development.
Renée Baillargeon is an Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Baillargeon specializes in the development of cognition in infancy.
Hans Gerhard Fürth or Hans G. Furth was a Professor emeritus in the Faculty of Psychology of the Catholic University of America in Washington,D.C.
Katherine Nelson was an American developmental psychologist,and professor.
The Three Mountains Task was a task developed by Jean Piaget,a developmental psychologist from Switzerland. Piaget came up with a theory for developmental psychology based on cognitive development. Cognitive development,according to his theory,took place in four stages. These four stages were classified as the sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational and formal operational stages. The Three Mountain Problem was devised by Piaget to test whether a child's thinking was egocentric,which was also a helpful indicator of whether the child was in the preoperational stage or the concrete operational stage of cognitive development.
Juan Pascual-Leone is a developmental psychologist and founder of the neo-Piagetian approach to cognitive development. He introduced this term into the literature and put forward key predictions about developmental growth of mental attention and working memory.
Patricia J. Bauer is Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Psychology at Emory University. She is known for her research in the field of cognitive development,with a specific focus on how children develop their earliest memories and how their memory is influenced by parents,peers,and the environment around them. Her research has explored the phenomenon of childhood amnesia and how social,cognitive,and neural changes relate to the development of autobiographical memory.
Lois Masket Bloom is an American developmental psychologist and Edward Lee Thorndike Professor Emerita at Columbia University. Her pioneering research elucidated the roles of cognition,emotion,and social behavior in language acquisition.
Karl S. Rosengren is an American psychologist,academic,author and researcher. He is a Professor with a joint appointment in the Brain and Cognitive Science Department and the Psychology Department at the University of Rochester.
References
- 1 2 "Patricia H. Miller, Ph.D. | Developmental Psychology". developmentalpsych.sfsu.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ↑ "Association for Psychological Science: APS Fellows". www.psychologicalscience.org. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ↑ "Past Presidents of Division 7". www.apadivisions.org. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- 1 2 3 4 "Dr. Miller | The Department of Psychology". psychology.uga.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ↑ Miller, Patricia H.; Kessel, Frank S.; Flavell, John H. (1970). "Thinking about People Thinking about People Thinking about...: A Study of Social Cognitive Development". Child Development. 41 (3): 613. doi:10.2307/1127211. JSTOR 1127211.
- ↑ Miller, Patricia H.; Seier, Wendy L.; Barron, Kristina L.; Probert, James S. (1994). "What causes a memory strategy utilization deficiency?". Cognitive Development. 9 (1): 77–101. doi:10.1016/0885-2014(94)90020-5.
- ↑ Miller, Patricia H. (2011). Theories of developmental psychology (5th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4292-1634-0. OCLC 463639307.
- ↑ Flavell, John H., Miller, Patricia H., Miller, Scott A. (2002). Cognitive development (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-791575-6. OCLC 45207853.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Miller, Patricia H., Scholnick, Ellin Kofsky. (2000). Toward a feminist developmental psychology. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92178-3. OCLC 41870851.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Scholnick, Ellin Kofsky, Nelson, Katherine, Gelman, Susan A., Miller, Patricia H. (1999). Conceptual development : Piaget's legacy. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-585-12138-9. OCLC 44959299.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
