Campaign finance laws in the United States have been a contentious political issue since the early days of the union. The most recent major federal law affecting campaign finance was the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) of 2002,also known as "McCain-Feingold". Key provisions of the law prohibited unregulated contributions to national political parties and limited the use of corporate and union money to fund ads discussing political issues within 60 days of a general election or 30 days of a primary election;However,provisions of BCRA limiting corporate and union expenditures for issue advertising were overturned by the Supreme Court in Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life.
Rubel Lex Phillips was an American politician and lawyer. Growing up poor in Alcorn County,Mississippi,he served in the United States Navy during World War II and,upon returning,earned a law degree. Hailing from a politically active family and initially a member of the Democratic Party,he served as a circuit court clerk from 1952 to 1956 and chaired the Mississippi Public Service Commission from 1956 to 1958. In 1962 Phillips joined the Republican. He ran as a Republican in the 1963 Mississippi gubernatorial election,the first person to do so since 1947. Supporting a platform of racial segregation and opposition to the presidential administration of John F. Kennedy,he lost,garnering only 38 percent of the vote.
The 1970 United States Senate elections was an election for the United States Senate,taking place in the middle of Richard Nixon's first term as President. The Democrats lost a net of three seats,while the Republicans and the Conservative Party of New York picked up one net seat each,and former Democrat Harry F. Byrd Jr. was re-elected as an independent.
The 1968 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the presidential election of the same year. Although Richard Nixon won the presidential election narrowly,the Republicans picked up five net seats in the Senate. Republicans would gain another seat after the election when Alaska Republican Ted Stevens was appointed to replace Democrat Bob Bartlett.
The 1964 United States Senate elections coincided with the election of President Lyndon B. Johnson by an overwhelming majority,to a full term. His Democratic Party picked up a net two seats from the Republicans. As of 2022,this was the last time either party has had a two-thirds majority in the Senate,which would have hypothetically allowed the Senate Democrats to override a veto,propose constitutional amendments,convict and expel certain officials,or invoke cloture without any votes from Senate Republicans. In practice,however,internal divisions effectively prevented the Democrats from doing so. The Senate election coincided with Democratic gains in the House in the same year.
A publicly funded election is an election funded with money collected through income tax donations or taxes as opposed to private or corporate funded campaigns. It is a policy initially instituted after Nixon for candidates to opt into publicly funded presidential campaigns via optional donations from tax returns. It is an attempt to move toward a one voice,one vote democracy,and remove undue corporate and private entity dominance.
The financing of electoral campaigns in the United States happens at the federal,state,and local levels by contributions from individuals,corporations,political action committees,and sometimes the government. Campaign spending has risen steadily at least since 1990.
The 2008 congressional elections in Arizona were held on November 4,2008,to determine who would represent the state of Arizona in the United States House of Representatives,coinciding with the presidential election. Representatives are elected for two-year terms;those elected would serve in the 111th Congress from January 4,2009,until January 3,2011.
The Arizona Corporation Commission is the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Arizona,established by Article 15 of the Arizona Constitution. Arizona is one of only fourteen states with elected commissioners. The Arizona Constitution explicitly calls for an elected commission,as opposed to a governor-appointed commission,which is the standard in most states,because its drafters feared that governors would appoint industry-friendly officials. They are directly elected statewide and serve staggered four-year terms. Due to its separation from the executive branch,the commission is often referred to as the "fourth branch of government." The characterization of the Commission as the "fourth branch of government" is contradicted,however,by Article III of the Arizona Constitution,which provides that "[t]he powers of the government of the state of Arizona shall be divided into three separate departments,the legislative,the executive,and the judicial".
Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett,564 U.S. 721 (2011),is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States.
The 2014 Arizona gubernatorial election was held on November 4,2014,to elect the Governor of Arizona,concurrently with elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.
The 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona were held on Tuesday,November 4,2014 to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Arizona,one from each of the state's nine congressional districts,with Democratic and Republican primaries taking place on August 26. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices,including governor of Arizona.
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Arizona on November 4,2014. All of Arizona's executive officers were up for election as well as all of Arizona's nine seats in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections were held on August 26,2014.
The 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona were held on November 8,2016,to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the state of Arizona,one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2016 U.S. presidential election,as well as other elections to the House of Representatives,elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on August 30.
The 1914 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 3,1914,for the post of the Governor of Arizona. The Supreme Court of Arizona ruled that there would be no statewide elections in 1912,thus extending the terms to sync up with elections on even years. The Democratic nominee was incumbent governor George W. P. Hunt,his Republican opponent was the final Delegate to Congress from Arizona Territory,Ralph H. Cameron. Cameron was disadvantaged by the same reason the previous Republican nominee Wells was:he had opposed statehood with the present Constitution.
The 1918 Arizona gubernatorial election took place on November 5,1918,for the post of the Governor of Arizona. Thomas Campbell,who served a partial term in 1917 and had his election overturned by the Supreme Court of Arizona,returned to contest the Governors office. Incumbent Governor Hunt declined to run again after the stress of the close elections and the year-long court battle. Despite falling to its lowest percentage in years,the sole third party challenger held the difference between the two candidates. The Democratic challenger was state senator Fred T. Colter,a pro-Hunt Democrat.
A general election was held in the U.S. state of Arizona on November 6,2018. All of Arizona's executive offices were up for election as well as a United States Senate seat and all of Arizona's nine seats in the United States House of Representatives. The Republican Party won the majority of statewide offices,albeit by much narrower margins than in previous elections,while the Democratic Party picked up three statewide offices.
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona were held on November 6,2018,to elect the nine U.S. representatives from the State of Arizona,one from each of the state's nine congressional districts. The elections coincided with the 2018 Arizona gubernatorial election,as well as other elections to the U.S. House of Representatives,elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The 2018 general elections saw the Democratic party gain the 2nd Congressional district,thus flipping the state from a 5–4 Republican advantage to a 5–4 Democratic advantage,the first time since the 2012 election in which Democrats held more House seats in Arizona than the Republicans.
The 2022 Arizona gubernatorial election occurred on November 8,2022,to elect the next governor of Arizona concurrently with other federal and state elections. Incumbent Republican governor Doug Ducey was term-limited and ineligible to run for a third consecutive term. Democratic Arizona Secretary of State Katie Hobbs won the election,defeating Republican former television anchor Kari Lake. This race was one of six Republican-held governorships up for election in 2022 taking place in a state that was carried by Democrat Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election.
The 2022 Arizona elections were held in the state of Arizona on November 8,2022,coinciding with the nationwide general election. All six executive offices were up for election,as well as a U.S. Senate seat,all of the state's U.S. House of Representatives seats,and the state legislature.
