The politics of Brazil take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the President is both head of state and head of government,and of a multi-party system. The political and administrative organization of Brazil comprises the federal government,the 26 states and a federal district,and the municipalities.
Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello is a Brazilian politician who served as the 32nd president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992,when he resigned in a failed attempt to stop his impeachment trial by the Brazilian Senate. Collor was the first President democratically elected after the end of the Brazilian military dictatorship. He became the youngest president in Brazilian history,taking office at the age of 40. After he resigned from the presidency,the impeachment trial on charges of corruption continued. Collor was found guilty by the Senate and disqualified from holding elected office for eight years (1992–2000). He was later acquitted of ordinary criminal charges in his judicial trial before Brazil's Supreme Federal Court,for lack of valid evidence.
Fernando Henrique Cardoso,also known by his initials FHC,is a Brazilian sociologist,professor,and politician who served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2002. He was the first Brazilian president to be reelected for a subsequent term. An accomplished scholar of dependency theory noted for his research on slavery and political theory,Cardoso has earned many honors including the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation (2000) and the Kluge Prize from the US Library of Congress (2012).
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,also known as Lula da Silva or simply Lula,is a Brazilian politician who is the 39th and current president of Brazil. A member of the Workers' Party,he previously served as the 35th president of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.
JoséSerra Chirico is a Brazilian politician who has served as a Congressman,Senator,Minister of Planning,Minister of Health,Mayor of São Paulo,Governor of São Paulo state,and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil.
Brazilian history from 1985 to the present,also known as the Sixth Brazilian Republic or New Republic,is the contemporary epoch in the history of Brazil,beginning when civilian government was restored after a 21-year-long military dictatorship established after the 1964 coup d'état. The negotiated transition to democracy reached its climax with the indirect election of Tancredo Neves by Congress. Neves belonged to the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (MDB),the former controlled opposition to the military regime. He was the first civilian president to be elected since 1964.
Pedro Sampaio Malan is a Brazilian economist and former Minister of Finance of Brazil. He is the father of journalist and correspondent Cecília Malan.
Odebrecht S.A.,officially known as Novonor,is a Brazilian conglomerate,headquartered in Salvador,Bahia,Brazil,consisting of diversified businesses in the fields of engineering,construction,chemicals and petrochemicals. The company was founded in 1944 in Salvador by Norberto Odebrecht,and is active in the Americas,the Caribbean,Africa,Europe and the Middle East. Its leading company is Norberto Odebrecht Construtora.
The Ministry of Culture of Brazil is a cabinet-level federal ministry created in 1985,in the first month of president's JoséSarney government,dissolved by Jair Bolsonaro in 2019 and reinstated by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2023.
Brazil–Mexico relations are the diplomatic and bilateral relations between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the United Mexican States. Together,Brazil and Mexico account as the most populous nations in Latin America and both nations have the largest global emerging economies and are considered to be regional powers. Both countries are members of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States,G-20 major economies,Latin American Integration Association,Organization of American States,Organization of Ibero-American States and the United Nations.
Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia is a Brazilian politician,lawyer and writer who served as the 37th president of Brazil from 31 August 2016 to 31 December 2018. He took office after the impeachment and removal from office of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff. He had been the 24th vice president of Brazil since 2011 and acting president since 12 May 2016,when Rousseff's powers and duties were suspended pending an impeachment trial.
Corruption in Brazil exists on all levels of society from the top echelons of political power to the smallest municipalities. Operation Car Wash showed central government members using the prerogatives of their public office for rent-seeking activities,ranging from political support to siphoning funds from state-owned corporation for personal gain. Mensalão for example was the practice of transferring taxpayer funds as monthly allowances to members of congress from other political parties in consideration for their support and votes in congress. Politicians used the state-owned and state-run oil company Petrobras to raise hundreds of millions of reais for political campaigns and personal enrichment.
Delcídio do Amaral Gomez is a Brazilian politician. He worked at Shell and was nominated to Petrobras's Internacional Directory by president Fernando Henrique Cardoso where he worked until 2001 when he left Petrobras and start his relation with the Workers'Party. Before his relation with Workers' party,Delcidio indicated a new director to Fernando Henrique Cardoso,Nestor Cervero. He represented Mato Grosso do Sul in the Federal Senate from 2003 to 2016 and before he was removed from office,he was the high-representative of the Workers' Party in the Brazilian Senate. He was the speaker of his party in the Senate and the head of the Senate's economic affairs committee. Amaral was arrested in November 2015 for allegedly taking kickbacks from Petrobras. A Supreme Court judge,Teori Zavascki,said he authorised the arrest after seeing evidence that Amaral had planned the flight of Petrobras's former international director,Nestor Cerveró,in return for his silence. Ceverówas convicted of money laundering and sentenced to five years in prison.
Operation Car Wash was a landmark anti-corruption probe in Brazil. Beginning in March 2014 as the investigation of a small car wash in Brasília over money laundering,the proceedings uncovered a massive corruption scheme in the Brazilian federal government,particularly in state-owned enterprises. The probe was conducted through a joint task force of agents in the federal police,revenue collection agency,internal audit office and antitrust regulator. Evidence was collected and presented to the court system by a team of federal prosecutors led by Deltan Dallagnol,while the judge in charge of the operation was Sergio Moro. Eventually,other federal prosecutors and judges would go on to oversee related cases under their jurisdictions in various Brazilian states. The operation implicated leading businessmen,federal congressmen,senators,state governors,federal government ministers,and former presidents Collor,Temer and Lula. Companies and individuals accused of involvement have agreed to pay 25 billion reais in fines and restitution of embezzled public funds.
Marcelo Bahia Odebrecht is a Brazilian businessman and the former CEO of Odebrecht,a diversified Brazilian conglomerate. In March 2016,he was sentenced to 19 years in prison for paying more than $30 million in bribes. The jail sentence was reduced to ten years in prison in December 2016 for paying a fine,admitting guilt and providing evidence to authorities.
The impeachment of Dilma Rousseff,the 36th president of Brazil,began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment being accepted by Eduardo Cunha,then president of the Chamber of Deputies,and continued into late 2016. Dilma Rousseff,then more than 12 months into her second four-year term,was charged with criminal administrative misconduct and disregard for the federal budget in violation of article 85,items V and VI,of the Constitution of Brazil and the Fiscal Responsibility Law,Article 36. The petition also accused Rousseff of criminal responsibility for failing to act on the scandal at the Brazilian national petroleum company,Petrobras,on account of allegations uncovered by the Operation Car Wash investigation,and for failing to distance herself from the suspects in that investigation.
The 2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike,also called the diesel crisis,was a strike of self-employed truck drivers that began on 21 May 2018.
Ivan de Souza Monteiro is a Brazilian electronic engineer,former president of the oil state company Petrobras. Previously,Monteiro was CFO of the company. Before heading Petrobras,Monteiro worked in Banco do Brasil.
A long series of criminal investigations have occurred in Brazil associated with Operation Car Wash,since the first one began in March 2014. These investigations are considered offshoots of the original phased investigations.
