Industry | Software |
---|---|
Predecessors | MP Software Co-op Software |
Founded | 1978 |
Founder | Mark Pelczarski |
Fate | Acquired by Merit Software |
Successor | Polarware |
Penguin Software was a computer software and video game publisher from Geneva, Illinois that produced graphics and application software and games for the Apple II, Mac, IBM PC compatibles, Commodore 64, Amiga, Atari 8-bit computers, and Atari ST. It produced the graphics programs Graphics Magician and Complete Graphics System, graphic adventure games such as the Transylvania series, action games like Spy's Demise , and role-playing video games such as Xyphus .
The company was founded in 1978 by Mark Pelczarski as "MP Software" with its first product, a graphics program called Magic Paintbrush. [1] It evolved to "Co-op Software" as part of a sister company, Micro Co-op, then adopted the name "Penguin Software" in 1981 when software publishing became the primary focus. [2] Like many other home computer publishers at the time, Penguin Software openly credited the developers of their games on boxes and title screens; developers that were often not direct employees of Penguin Software but rather independent designers that were paid royalties by Penguin Software for the games that sold.
Penguin Software's core products were its graphics programs that were among the industry best-sellers of the early 1980s. [3] The Complete Graphics System, first published in 1981, was a set of drawing and 3D graphics editing programs for the Apple II by founder Mark Pelczarski. Special Effects, co-written by Pelczarski and David Lubar later the same year, helped establish the company's slogan, "the graphics people". In early 1982, Pelczarski, Lubar, and Chris Jochumson created The Graphics Magician, which would define the next several years of the company's evolution. Graphics Magician was aimed toward developers or anyone wanting to be a developer, allowing any programmer to create animations for arcade-style games and compact graphic images for adventure games and educational software. [4]
Developers began submitting their own creations written in part with Graphics Magician to Penguin Software for publication. Those that were accepted were polished and published and the authors were paid royalties on sales. These included the first two games published by Penguin Software, the animated game Pie Man by Eagle Berns and Michael Kosaka, and the adventure game Transylvania written by Antonia Antiochia. [5] Many other publishers of software for the Apple II also licensed The Graphics Magician for their products, [6] as there was no fee for the license; the only requirement was a credit line that Graphics Magician software was used in the product, which served as advertising for more sales of the Penguin Software graphics tools.
One of the other widely touted aspects of Penguin Software's titles was that they deliberately stopped using copy protection, thus making it easier to back up their programs. Pelczarski sent a letter to many computer magazines to describe his position, which asked that users of their software not abuse their trust. [7]
As software sales expanded into book stores, Penguin Software was confronted by Penguin Books in regard of infringement of their name. Fearing that the legal costs of a lawsuit could have decimated his company, even in the case of an eventual victory, Pelczarski phased in a new name "Polarware" in 1986, eventually ending the "Penguin Software" brand. [8]
Since the Apple II, Macintosh, IBM, Commodore, and Atari computers all had varying graphics capabilities and different processors, releasing a software title for each different brand of computer usually involved programming it again from scratch for each platform. Penguin Software/Polarware began focusing on cross-platform ideas that would allow them to release games simultaneously on different systems without the lengthy re-programming process. The compact images from Graphics Magician could be used across platforms, and an adventure game development and deployment language called Comprehend was created to be system independent and was used for several releases. [9] Also using Graphics Magician across platforms and with a portable design, the first three titles in the Adventures Around the World geography game series were released. However a similar idea called Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego reached the market a few months sooner and doomed the Penguin Software series. [10]
In 1987, Polarware was purchased by four employees, Jeffrey (JJ) Jay, Steve Greene, Peg Smith, and Trish Glenn. This new team produced the children's software series written by Brian A. Rice, The Electric Crayon, a simple electronic coloring book. In 1988, Polarware was acquired by Merit Software and the Polarware name soon disappeared.
As Merit Software moved on to newer products, rights to the old software title were bought back from the remains of Polarware, and many of those titles were subsequently released as freeware. [11]
Also after end of official support of their products, an enthusiast reconstructed a source code variant of the Comprehend engine to port these games to modern platforms. [12]
Title | Author | Published |
---|---|---|
Magic Paintbrush | Mark Pelczarski | 1978/1981/1984 |
The Complete Graphics System | Mark Pelczarski | 1981 |
Special Effects | Mark Pelczarski and David Lubar | 1981 |
The Complete Graphics System II | Mark Pelczarski | 1982 |
The Graphics Magician | Mark Pelczarski, David Lubar, and Chris Jochumson | 1982 |
Pie Man | Eagle Berns and Michael Kosaka | 1982 [13] |
Spy's Demise | Alan Zeldin | 1982 |
Transylvania | Antonio Antiochia | 1982/1985 |
Crime Wave | Scott Schram | 1983 [14] |
Thunderbombs | Tom Becklund | 1983 |
The Quest | Dallas Snell, Joe Toler, and Joel Ellis Rea | 1983 |
The Coveted Mirror | Eagle Berns and Holly Thomason | 1983/1986 |
Expedition Amazon | Willard Phillips | 1983 |
Bouncing Kamungas | Tom Becklund | 1983 |
Pensate | John Besnard | 1983 |
Transitions | Andre Schklowsky | 1983 |
Paper Graphics | Robert Rennard | 1983 |
Cat Graphics | David Shapiro | 1983 |
Short Cuts | Kelly Puckett | 1983 |
Minit Man | Greg Malone | 1983 |
Stellar 7 | Damon Slye / Dynamix | 1984 |
The Spy Strikes Back | Robert Hardy and Mark Pelczarski | 1984 |
Ring Quest | Dallas Snell, Joel Ellis Rea, Joe Toler, and Ron Goebel | 1984 |
Xyphus | Robert Waller and Dave Albert | 1984 |
Arcade Boot Camp | John Besnard | 1984 |
Sword Of Kadash | Chris Cole / Dynamix | 1984 |
Disk Repair Kit | David Winzler | 1984 |
Disk Arranger | William Swanson | 1984 |
Transylvania II: The Crimson Crown | Antonio Antiochia | 1985 |
Oo-Topos | Michael Berlyn, Muffy Berlyn, Raimund Redlich, and Brian Poff | 1985 |
Home Connection | William Shaw | 1985 |
Home Data Manager | Mark Pelczarski | 1985 |
The Spy's Adventures in Europe | Mark Pelczarski, Marsha Meuse, Elizabeth Redlich, and Brian Poff | 1986 |
The Spy's Adventures in North America | Mark Pelczarski, Mark Glenn, Brian Poff, and Elizabeth Redlich | 1986 |
The Spy's Adventures in South America | Mark Pelczarski, Brian Poff, and Elizabeth Redlich | 1986 |
Electric Crayon: Fun on the Farm | Brian Rice | 1986 |
Electric Crayon: This Land Is Your Land | Brian Rice | 1986 |
Electric Crayon: ABC's | Brian Rice | 1986 |
Talisman: Challenging the Sands of Time | Bruce Hoffman, Raimund Redlich, and Brian Poff | 1987 |
Sesame Street Crayon: Letters For You | Brian Rice | 1987 |
Sesame Street Crayon: Numbers Count | Brian Rice | 1987 |
Sesame Street Crayon: Opposites Attract | Brian Rice | 1987 |
Electric Crayon Deluxe: Dinosaurs Are Forever | Brian Rice | 1988 |
All Dogs Go to Heaven | Michael Robert Hausman | 1989 |
Electric Crayon Deluxe: At the Zoo | Brian Rice | 1989 |
Transylvania III: Vanquish the Night | Antonio Antiochia | 1990 |
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Transylvania was the name of a trilogy of computer games released for several home computers of the 1980s. The games were graphic adventure games created by Antonio Antiochia and produced by Penguin Software/Polarware.
Softalk was an American magazine of the early 1980s that focused on the Apple II computer. Published from September 1980 through August 1984, it featured articles about hardware and software associated with the Apple II platform and the people and companies who made them. The name was originally used on a newsletter of Apple Software pioneer company, Softape, who in 1980 changed its name to Artsci Inc.
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The Prisoner 2 is a video game published in 1982 by Edu-Ware. It is a remake of the 1980 game The Prisoner.
Mark Pelczarski wrote and published some of the earliest digital multimedia computer software. In 1979 while teaching computer science at Northern Illinois University, he self-published Magic Paintbrush, which was one of the first digital paint programs for the Apple II, the first consumer computer that had color graphics capabilities.
The Coveted Mirror is a graphic adventure for the Apple II published in 1983 by Penguin Software. It was created by Eagle Berns and Holly Thomason. A version with a more advanced text parser was released in 1986 and ported to additional systems.
The Quest is a graphic fantasy text adventure released in 1983 by Penguin Software. It was designed by Dallas Snell for the Apple II and was ported to the Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and Mac.
Transylvania is an adventure video game published by Penguin Software. It was released for the Apple II in 1982 followed by ports to the Atari 8-bit computers and Commodore 64. A Mac conversion was published in 1984, then versions for the Amiga, Atari ST, and MS-DOS in 1985.
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