The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's most important central banks.
Jean-Claude Trichet is a French economist who served as President of the European Central Bank from 2003 to 2011. Previous to his assumption of the presidency he served as Governor of the Bank of France from 1993 to 2003.
Vítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio,GCC,GCIH is a Portuguese economist and academic who served as Vice President of the European Central Bank from 2010 to 2018. He previously served as Governor of the Bank of Portugal from 1985 to 1986 and 2000 to 2010.
Erkki Antero Liikanen is a Finnish social democratic politician and a former Governor of the Bank of Finland.
The president of the European Central Bank is the head of the European Central Bank (ECB),the main institution responsible for the management of the euro and monetary policy in the Eurozone of the European Union (EU).
The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). It is a consumer price index which is compiled according to a methodology that has been harmonised across EU countries. The euro area HICP is a weighted average of price indices of member states who have adopted the euro. The primary goal of the ECB is to maintain price stability,defined as keeping the year on year increase HICP below but close to 2% for the medium term. In order to do that,the ECB can control the short-term interest rate through Eonia,the European overnight index average,which affects market expectations. The HICP is also used to assess the convergence criteria on inflation which countries must fulfill in order to adopt the euro. In the United Kingdom,the HICP is called the CPI and is used to set the inflation target of the Bank of England.
Helicopter money is a proposed unconventional monetary policy,sometimes suggested as an alternative to quantitative easing (QE) when the economy is in a liquidity trap. Although the original idea of helicopter money describes central banks making payments directly to individuals,economists have used the term "helicopter money" to refer to a wide range of different policy ideas,including the "permanent" monetization of budget deficits –with the additional element of attempting to shock beliefs about future inflation or nominal GDP growth,in order to change expectations. A second set of policies,closer to the original description of helicopter money,and more innovative in the context of monetary history,involves the central bank making direct transfers to the private sector financed with base money,without the direct involvement of fiscal authorities. This has also been called a citizens' dividend or a distribution of future seigniorage.
Mario Draghi is an Italian economist,academic,banker and civil servant who served as prime minister of Italy from February 2021 to October 2022. Prior to his appointment as prime minister,he served as President of the European Central Bank (ECB) between 2011 and 2019. Draghi was also Chair of the Financial Stability Board between 2009 and 2011,and Governor of the Bank of Italy between 2006 and 2011.
Otmar Issing is a German economist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 1998 to 2006 and concurrently as ECB chief economist. He developed the 'two-pillar' approach to monetary policy decision-making that the ECB has adopted. After leaving the Executive Board,Issing been serving as president of the Center for Financial Studies since 2006.
Lorenzo Bini Smaghi is an Italian economist and banker who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2005 to 2011. He has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of the SociétéGénérale since 2015.
JoséM. González-Páramo is a Spanish economist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2004 to 2012.
Yves Mersch is a Luxembourgish jurist and lawyer who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2012 to 2020. He previously served as first Governor of the Central Bank of Luxembourg from 1998 to 2012.
The Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management is a school of economics and management and a Faculty of the Universitélibre de Bruxelles,a French-speaking private research university located in Brussels,Belgium. Business education started in 1899 and Solvay was established in 1903 through a donation from Ernest Solvay.
Jens Weidmann is a German economist who served as president of the Deutsche Bundesbank between 2011 and 2021. He also served as chairman of the Board of the Bank for International Settlements.
Jörg Asmussen is a German economist. He previously served as State Secretary at the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs,as a member of the executive board of the European Central Bank (ECB) and as Deputy Finance Minister of Germany.
Andrea Enria an Italian economist who currently serves as Chair of the European Central Bank's Supervisory Board,as of 1 January 2019. He previously served as the chairperson of the European Banking Authority (EBA) between 2011 and 2019.
Benoît Georges Cœuré is a French economist and government official. Since January 2022,Cœuréhas served as president of the Autoritéde la concurence,France's competition regulatory agency. From 2012 to 2019,Cœuréwas a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank.
Outright Monetary Transactions ("OMT") is a program of the European Central Bank under which the bank makes purchases in secondary,sovereign bond markets,under certain conditions,of bonds issued by Eurozone member-states. The program was presented by its supporters as a principal manifestation of Mario Draghi's commitment to do "whatever it takes" to preserve the euro.
Sabine Lautenschläger is a German jurist who served as a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank from 2014 to 2019. She previously served as vice-president of the Deutsche Bundesbank from 2011 to 2013.
Positive Money UK is a not-for-profit advocacy group based in London and Brussels. Positive Money's mission is to promote a fair,democratic and sustainable economy through reforms of central banks and alternative monetary policy. Its current executive director is geophysicist Fran Boait.
