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Melisende was the queen of Jerusalem from 1131 to 1152. She was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the first woman to hold a public office in the crusader kingdom. She became legendary already in her lifetime for her generous support of the various Christian communities in her kingdom. Contemporary chronicler William of Tyre praised her wisdom and abilities, while modern historians differ in their assessment.
Fulk, also known as Fulk the Younger, was King of Jerusalem with his wife, Queen Melisende, from 1131 until his death in 1143. Previously, he was Count of Anjou, as Fulk V, from 1109 to 1129. During Fulk's reign, the Kingdom of Jerusalem reached its largest territorial extent.
Ioveta was a Latin princess from the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Her name appears in various other forms, including Joveta, Yveta, Yvette, Ivetta, and Juditta. She headed the Convent of Saint Lazarus in Bethany, the richest abbey in the kingdom, from the late 1130s or early 1140s until her death.
The Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre were a Catholic religious order of canons regular of the Rule of Saint Augustine, said to have been founded in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, then the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and recognised in 1113 by a Papal bull of Pope Paschal II. Other accounts have it that they were founded earlier, during the rule of Godfrey of Bouillon (1099–1100).
Fouad Twal is a Jordanian Catholic prelate who served as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 2008 to 2016. He has also served as the Grand Prior of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem and President for the Assembly of Catholic Ordinaries of the Holy Land.
Alberic of Ostia (1080–1148) was a Benedictine monk, diplomat and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138 to 1148. He was one of the most important people in the administration of Pope Eugenius III, especially due to his diplomatic skills.
William of Bures was Prince of Galilee from 1119 or 1120 to his death. He was descended from a French noble family which held estates near Paris. William and his brother, Godfrey, were listed among the chief vassals of Joscelin of Courtenay, Prince of Galilee, when their presence in the Holy Land was first recorded in 1115. After Joscelin received the County of Edessa from Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1119, the king granted the Principality of Galilee to William. He succeeded Eustace Grenier as constable and bailiff in 1123. In his latter capacity, he administered the kingdom during the Baldwin II's captivity for more than a year, but his authority was limited.
Fulkof Angoulême was the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from 1146 to his death in 1157.
William of Malines was a Flemish priest who was the prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre from 1127 to 1130 and was then Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from 1130 until his death. He is sometimes called William I to distinguish him from William of Agen, second patriarch of that name, but he was the second William to serve as prior of the Holy Sepulchre after William the Englishman.
Amalric of Nesle was a Catholic prelate who served as the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem from late 1157 or early 1158 until his death. Amalric focused chiefly on managing church property; he showed very little political initiative and, unlike many contemporary bishops in the crusader states, had no interest in military affairs.
Ralph of Domfront was the archbishop of Mamistra and second Latin patriarch of Antioch from 1135 until 1140. William of Tyre describes him as "a military man, very magnificent and generous, a great favourite of the common people and with those of knightly birth."
The timeline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem presents important events in the history of the Kingdom of Jerusalem—a Crusader state in modern day Israel and Jordan—in chronological order. The kingdom was established after the First Crusade in 1099. Its first ruler Godfrey of Bouillon did not take the title of king and swore fealty to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Daimbert. Godfrey's brother and successor Baldwin I was crowned the first king of Jerusalem without doing homage to the patriarch in 1100. By 1153, Baldwin I and his successors captured all towns on the Palestinian coast with the support of Pisan, Genoese and Venetian fleets and also took control of the caravan routes between Egypt and Syria. The kings regularly administered other crusader states—the Counties of Edessa and Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch—on behalf of their absent or underage rulers.
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tyre was an archbishopric in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
William I was the second Latin archbishop of Tyre from 1128 until 1134 or 1135. He was originally from England and served as prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre before his appointment as archbishop.
Roger was the second bishop of Lydda and Ramla from at least 1112 until 1147.
The Abbey of Saint Lazarus was a Benedictine convent in Bethany in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was founded in 1138 by Queen Melisende and King Fulk at the reputed site of the tomb of Lazarus. The queen installed her sister Ioveta in the convent and lavishly endowed the abbey, making it richer than any other religious community in the kingdom. It lost much of its estates, including Bethany itself, during the Muslim reconquests of the Latin East, and retreated to the Kingdom of Cyprus, where it faded into obscurity in the 14th century. Parts of the abbey buildings are still visible in Bethany.
Stephanie of Courtenay was a Latin noblewoman from the crusader states who served as the abbess of Great Saint Mary's in Jerusalem. She belonged to the House of Courtenay which ruled the County of Edessa and worked to further her abbey's wealth and standing. She is best known as a source of information for William of Tyre's chronicle of the crusader states.
William was the bishop of Acre in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from c. 1164 until his death on 29 June 1172. He was sent on several diplomatic missions by King Amalric. He was murdered by an apparently mentally ill retainer while returning from a mission to his native Italy.
Ernesius was the archbishop of Caesarea in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1158 until his death in 1175.
Adam of Acre was the bishop of Banias from 1140 until 1160.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Hamilton & Jotischky 2020, p. 29.
- 1 2 Hamilton 1980, p. 119.
- ↑ Hamilton & Jotischky 2020, p. 28.
- 1 2 Hamilton 1980, p. 73.
- 1 2 3 Hamilton 1980, p. 120.
Bibliography
- Hamilton, Bernard (1980). The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church. Variorum Publications. ISBN 978-1-351-88705-2.
- Hamilton, Bernard; Jotischky, Andrew (2020). Derek Baker (ed.). Latin and Greek Monasticism in the Crusader States. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521836388.