Seafood is the culinary name for food that comes from any form of sea life,prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs.
The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Northern Pacific Ocean. It forms,along with the Bering Strait,the divide between the two largest landmasses on Earth:Eurasia and the Americas. It comprises a deep water basin,which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves. The Bering Sea is named after Vitus Bering,a Danish-born Russian navigator,who,in 1728,was the first European to systematically explore it,sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.
Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways meeting society's present food and textile needs,without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs. It can be based on an understanding of ecosystem services. There are many methods to increase the sustainability of agriculture. When developing agriculture within sustainable food systems,it is important to develop flexible business processes and farming practices. Agriculture has an enormous environmental footprint,playing a significant role in causing climate change,water scarcity,water pollution,land degradation,deforestation and other processes;it is simultaneously causing environmental changes and being impacted by these changes. Sustainable agriculture consists of environment friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without causing damage to human or natural systems. It involves preventing adverse effects on soil,water,biodiversity,and surrounding or downstream resources,as well as to those working or living on the farm or in neighboring areas. Elements of sustainable agriculture can include permaculture,agroforestry,mixed farming,multiple cropping,and crop rotation.
Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or,more commonly,the site where such enterprise takes place. Commercial fisheries include wild fisheries and fish farms,both in freshwater waterbodies and the oceans. About 500 million people worldwide are economically dependent on fisheries. 171 million tonnes of fish were produced in 2016,but overfishing is an increasing problem,causing declines in some populations.
A conventional idea of a sustainable fishery is that it is one that is harvested at a sustainable rate,where the fish population does not decline over time because of fishing practices. Sustainability in fisheries combines theoretical disciplines,such as the population dynamics of fisheries,with practical strategies,such as avoiding overfishing through techniques such as individual fishing quotas,curtailing destructive and illegal fishing practices by lobbying for appropriate law and policy,setting up protected areas,restoring collapsed fisheries,incorporating all externalities involved in harvesting marine ecosystems into fishery economics,educating stakeholders and the wider public,and developing independent certification programs.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was the first act of the United States Congress to call specifically for an ecosystem approach to wildlife management.
The environmental impact of fishing includes issues such as the availability of fish,overfishing,fisheries,and fisheries management;as well as the impact of industrial fishing on other elements of the environment,such as bycatch. These issues are part of marine conservation,and are addressed in fisheries science programs. According to a 2019 FAO report,global production of fish,crustaceans,molluscs and other aquatic animals has continued to grow and reached 172.6 million tonnes in 2017,with an increase of 4.1 percent compared with 2016. There is a growing gap between the supply of fish and demand,due in part to world population growth.
Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic,the region north of the Arctic Circle. This region is characterized by two biomes:taiga and tundra. While the taiga has a more moderate climate and permits a diversity of both non-vascular and vascular plants,the tundra has a limited growing season and stressful growing conditions due to intense cold,low precipitation,and a lack of sunlight throughout the winter. Sensitive ecosystems exist throughout the Arctic region,which are being impacted dramatically by global warming.
The Alaska pollock or walleye pollock is a marine fish species of the cod genus Gadus and family Gadidae.
This page is a list of fishing topics.
Traditional ecological knowledge or traditional environmental knowledge (TEK) describes indigenous and other traditional knowledge of local environmental resources. As a field of study in North American anthropology,TEK refers to "a cumulative body of knowledge,belief,and practice,evolving by accumulation of TEK and handed down through generations through traditional songs,stories and beliefs. It is concerned with the relationship of living beings with their traditional groups and with their environment." Such knowledge can be used in natural resource management as a substitute for baseline environmental data in cases where there is little recorded scientific data,or may complement other methods of ecological management.
Seafood in Australia comes from local and international commercial fisheries,aquaculture and recreational anglers. It is an economically important sector,and along with agriculture and forestry contributed $24,744 million to Australia's GDP in year 2007–2008,out of a total GDP of $1,084,146 million. Commercial fisheries in Commonwealth waters are managed by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority,while commercial and recreational fishing in state waters is managed by various state-level agencies.
The Arctic policy of the United States is the foreign policy of the United States in regard to the Arctic region. In addition,the United States' domestic policy toward Alaska is part of its Arctic policy.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fisheries:
The Arctic is a vast polar region comprising the northernmost parts of Canada,Norway,Greenland (Denmark),Sweden,Finland,the United States (Alaska),Iceland and Russia. In recent years,the Arctic has been at the forefront of political and social issues. Several matters have risen surrounding the issues of poverty and global warming and their effects on indigenous people in this region. Indigenous people in the Arctic statistically fall below their nation's poverty line.
Regenerative agriculture is a conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems. It focuses on topsoil regeneration,increasing biodiversity,improving the water cycle,enhancing ecosystem services,supporting biosequestration,increasing resilience to climate change,and strengthening the health and vitality of farm soil.
Climate change disproportionately impacts indigenous peoples around the world when compared to non-indigenous peoples. These impacts are particularly felt in relation to health,environments,and communities. Some Indigenous scholars of climate change argue that these disproportionately felt impacts are linked to ongoing forms of colonialism. Indigenous peoples found throughout the world have strategies and traditional knowledge to adapt to climate change,through their understanding and preservation of their environment. These knowledge systems can be beneficial for their own community's adaptation to climate change as expressions of self-determination as well as to non-Indigenous communities.
Yoshitaka Ota is a social anthropologist,specializing in indigenous fisheries,climate change risk,global ocean governance,sustainable fishing business solutions,and coastal management and research communication. He is currently employed as the Nereus Program Director (Policy) and as a Research Assistant Professor for the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington.
A cultural keystone species is one which is of exceptional significance to a particular culture or a people. Such species can be identified by their prevalence in language,cultural practices,traditions,diet,medicines,material items,and histories of a community. These species influence social systems and culture and are a key feature of a community's identity.
Vera Kingeekuk Metcalf is an educator and advocate known for her work in the preservation of the traditions and language of Alaska Native people. In 2019,she was inducted into the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame.
