The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Northern Pacific Ocean. It forms,along with the Bering Strait,the divide between the two largest landmasses on Earth:Eurasia and the Americas. It comprises a deep water basin,which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves. The Bering Sea is named after Vitus Bering,a Danish navigator in Russian service,who,in 1728,was the first European to systematically explore it,sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.
Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or,more commonly,the site where such enterprise takes place. Commercial fisheries include wild fisheries and fish farms,both in freshwater waterbodies and the oceans. About 500 million people worldwide are economically dependent on fisheries. 171 million tonnes of fish were produced in 2016,but overfishing is an increasing problem,causing declines in some populations.
A conventional idea of a sustainable fishery is that it is one that is harvested at a sustainable rate,where the fish population does not decline over time because of fishing practices. Sustainability in fisheries combines theoretical disciplines,such as the population dynamics of fisheries,with practical strategies,such as avoiding overfishing through techniques such as individual fishing quotas,curtailing destructive and illegal fishing practices by lobbying for appropriate law and policy,setting up protected areas,restoring collapsed fisheries,incorporating all externalities involved in harvesting marine ecosystems into fishery economics,educating stakeholders and the wider public,and developing independent certification programs.
The Arctic char or Arctic charr is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae,native to alpine lakes,as well as Arctic and subarctic coastal waters in the Holarctic.
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),informally known as NOAA Fisheries,is a United States federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that is responsible for the stewardship of U.S. national marine resources. It conserves and manages fisheries to promote sustainability and prevent lost economic potential associated with overfishing,declining species,and degraded habitats.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was the first act of the United States Congress to call specifically for an ecosystem approach to wildlife management.
The environmental impact of fishing includes issues such as the availability of fish,overfishing,fisheries,and fisheries management;as well as the impact of industrial fishing on other elements of the environment,such as bycatch. These issues are part of marine conservation,and are addressed in fisheries science programs. According to a 2019 FAO report,global production of fish,crustaceans,molluscs and other aquatic animals has continued to grow and reached 172.6 million tonnes in 2017,with an increase of 4.1 percent compared with 2016. There is a growing gap between the supply of fish and demand,due in part to world population growth.
Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic,the region north of the Arctic Circle. This region is characterized by two biomes:taiga and tundra. While the taiga has a more moderate climate and permits a diversity of both non-vascular and vascular plants,the tundra has a limited growing season and stressful growing conditions due to intense cold,low precipitation,and a lack of sunlight throughout the winter. Sensitive ecosystems exist throughout the Arctic region,which are being impacted dramatically by global warming.
The Alaska pollock or walleye pollock is a marine fish species of the cod genus Gadus and family Gadidae.
Regenerative design is an approach to designing systems or solutions that aims to work with or mimic natural ecosystem processes for returning energy from less usable to more usable forms. Regenerative design uses whole systems thinking to create resilient and equitable systems that integrate the needs of society with the integrity of nature. Regenerative design is an active topic of discussion in engineering,landscape design,food systems,and community development.
This page is a list of fishing topics.
Seafood in Australia comes from local and international commercial fisheries,aquaculture and recreational anglers. It is an economically important sector,and along with agriculture and forestry contributed $24,744 million to Australia's GDP in year 2007–2008,out of a total GDP of $1,084,146 million. Commercial fisheries in Commonwealth waters are managed by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority,while commercial and recreational fishing in state waters is managed by various state-level agencies.
The Arctic policy of the United States is the foreign policy of the United States in regard to the Arctic region. In addition,the United States' domestic policy toward Alaska is part of its Arctic policy.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fisheries:
Declawing of crabs is the process whereby one or both claws of a crab are manually detached before the return of the live crab to the water,as practiced in the fishing industry worldwide. Crabs commonly have the ability to regenerate lost limbs after a period of time,and thus declawing is viewed as a potentially more sustainable method of fishing. Due to the time it takes for a crab to regrow lost limbs,however,whether or not the practice represents truly sustainable fishing is still a point of scientific inquiry,and the ethics of declawing are also subject to debates over pain in crustaceans.
The Arctic is a vast polar region comprising the northernmost parts of Canada,Norway,Greenland (Denmark),Sweden,Finland,the United States (Alaska),Iceland and Russia. In recent years,the Arctic has been at the forefront of political and social issues. Several matters have risen surrounding the issues of poverty and global warming and their effects on indigenous people in this region. Indigenous people in the Arctic statistically fall below their nation's poverty line.
Regenerative agriculture is a conservation and rehabilitation approach to food and farming systems. It focuses on topsoil regeneration,increasing biodiversity,improving the water cycle,enhancing ecosystem services,supporting biosequestration,increasing resilience to climate change,and strengthening the health and vitality of farm soil.
Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples describes how climate change disproportionately impacts Indigenous peoples around the world when compared to non-Indigenous peoples. These impacts are particularly felt in relation to health,environments,and communities. Some Indigenous scholars of climate change argue that these disproportionately felt impacts are linked to ongoing forms of colonialism. Indigenous peoples found throughout the world have strategies and traditional knowledge to adapt to climate change,through their understanding and preservation of their environment. These knowledge systems can be beneficial for their own community's adaptation to climate change as expressions of self-determination as well as to non-Indigenous communities.
Yoshitaka Ota is a social anthropologist,specializing in indigenous fisheries,climate change risk,global ocean governance,sustainable fishing business solutions,and coastal management and research communication. He is currently employed as the Nereus Program Director (Policy) and as a Research Assistant Professor for the School of Marine and Environmental Affairs at the University of Washington.
A cultural keystone species is one which is of exceptional significance to a particular culture or a people. Such species can be identified by their prevalence in language,cultural practices,traditions,diet,medicines,material items,and histories of a community. These species influence social systems and culture and are a key feature of a community's identity.
