Pinyin table

Last updated

This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

Contents

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations have some syllables using each of the five different tones, most do not. Some utilize only one tone.

Pinyin entries in this page can be compared to syllables using the (unromanized) Zhuyin phonetic system in the Zhuyin table page.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü.

i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. Certain combinations are treated in a special way:

GroupSpecial combination
ii + ê = ie i + ou = iu i + en = in i + eng = ing
u u + ei = ui u + en = un u + eng = ong
ü ü + ê = üe ü + en = ün ü + eng = iong

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. This is shown in Pinyin as follows:

Note that the y, w, and yu replacements above do not change the pronunciation of the final in the final-only syllable. They are used to avoid ambiguity when writing words in pinyin. For example, instead of:

There are discrepancies between the Bopomofo tables and the pinyin table due to some minor differences between the Mainland standard, putonghua, and the Taiwanese standard, guoyu, in the standard readings of characters. For example, the variant sounds (ruá; ㄖㄨㄚˊ), (dèn; ㄉㄣˋ), (tēi; ㄊㄟ) are not used in guoyu. Likewise the variant sound 孿 (lüán; ㄌㄩㄢˊ) is not recognized in putonghua, or it is folded into (luán; ㄌㄨㄢˊ). A few readings reflect a Standard Chinese approximation of a regionalism that is otherwise never encountered in either putonghua or guoyu. For instance, (fiào; ㄈㄧㄠˋ) is a borrowing from Shanghainese (and other dialects of Wu Chinese) that are commonly used, and are thus included in most large dictionaries, even though it is usually labeled as a nonstandard regionalism ( , short for 方言 (topolect)), with the local reading viau [vjɔ], which is approximated in Standard Chinese as fiào.

Overall table

Syllables in italics are considered nonstandard, and only exist in the form of regionalisms, neologisms or slang.

Pinyin tableInitialsPinyin table
bpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcs
Group
a
Finals
zhichishirizicisiGroup
a
Finals
aabapamafadatanalaga
[note 1]
kahazhachashazacasaa
oo
[note 2]
lo
[note 3]
o
eeme
[note 4]
detenelegekehezhechesherezecesee
êê
[note 5]
ê
aiaibaipaimaifai
[note 6]
daitainailaigaikaihaizhaichaishaizaicaisaiai
eiei
[note 7]
beipeimeifeidei
[note 8]
tei
[note 9]
neileigeikei
[note 10]
[table 1]
heizhei
[note 11]
sheizeicei
[note 12]
sei
[note 13] [table 1]
ei
aoaobaopaomaodaotaonaolaogaokaohaozhaochaoshaoraozaocaosaoao
ououpou
[note 14]
moufoudoutounou
[note 15]
lougoukouhouzhouchoushourouzoucousouou
ananbanpanmanfandantannanlangankanhanzhanchanshanranzancansanan
enenbenpenmenfenden
[note 16]
nenlen
[note 17]
genkenhenzhenchenshenrenzen
[note 18]
cen
[note 19]
senen
angangbangpangmangfangdangtangnanglanggangkanghangzhangchangshangrangzangcangsangang
engeng
[note 20]
bengpengmengfengdengtengnenglenggengkenghengzhengchengshengrengzengcengsengeng
ererer
Group
i
Finals
iyibipimiditinilijiqixiiGroup
i
Finals
iayapia
[note 21]
dia
[note 22]
nia
[note 23] [table 1]
lia
[note 24]
jiaqiaxiaia
ioyo
[note 25]
io
ie
()
yebiepiemiedietienieliejieqiexieie
()
iaiyai
[note 26] [table 1]
iai
iaoyaobiaopiaomiaofiao
[note 27]
diaotiaoniaoliaojiaoqiaoxiaoiao
iu
(iou)
youmiu
[note 28]
diuniuliukiu
[note 29]
jiuqiuxiuiu
(iou)
ianyanbianpianmiandiantiannianlianjianqianxianian
in
(ien)
yinbinpinmindin
[note 30]
ninlingin
[note 31]
jinqinxinin
(ien)
iangyangbiang
[note 32]
diang
[note 33] [table 1]
niangliangkiang
[note 34]
jiangqiangxiangiang
ing
(ieng)
yingbingpingmingdingtingninglingging
[note 35]
jingqingxinging
(ieng)
Group
u
Finals
uwubupumufudutunulugukuhuzhuchushuruzucusuuGroup
u
Finals
uawaguakuahuazhuachua
[note 36]
shuarua
[note 37]
ua
uowobopomofoduotuonuoluoguokuohuozhuochuoshuoruozuocuosuouo
uaiwaiguaikuaihuaizhuai
[note 38]
chuai
[note 39]
shuaiuai
ui
(uei)
weiduituinui
[note 40]
guikuihuizhuichuishuiruizuicuisuiui
(uei)
uanwanduantuannuanluanguankuanhuanzhuanchuanshuanruanzuancuansuanuan
un
(uen)
wenpun
[note 41]
duntunnun
[note 42]
lungunkunhunzhunchunshunrunzuncunsunun
(uen)
uangwangduang
[note 43]
guangkuanghuangzhuangchuangshuanguang
ong
(ueng)
wengdongtongnonglonggongkonghongzhongchongrongzongcongsongong
(ueng)
ong
[note 44]
Group
ü
Finals
üyujuquxuüGroup
ü
Finals
üeyuenüelüejuequexueüe
üanyuanlüan
[note 45]
[table 1]
juanquanxuanüan
ün
(üen)
yunlün
[note 46]
junqunxunün
(üen)
iong
(üeng)
yongjiong
[note 47]
qiongxiongiong
(üeng)
Pinyin tablebpmfdtnlgkhjqxzhchshrzcsPinyin table
Initials
Color Legend:
"regular" initial or final

Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:
  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)syllable is modified combination of initial and final

There are also a very small number of syllables consisting only of consonants: m (呣), n (嗯), ng (嗯), hm (噷), hng (哼).

Erhua contraction

Additional syllables in pinyin exist to represent the erhua phenomenon by combining the affected syllable with an -r ending, rather than transcribing 兒/儿 as a separate ér syllable. This can be seen as analogous to certain contractions in English such as "they're" in place of "they are".

Original characters那裡、那里人緣、人缘兒媳婦、儿媳妇
Original pinyinnàlirényuánérxífu
Erhua characters那兒、那儿人緣兒、人缘儿兒媳婦兒、儿媳妇儿
Erhua pinyinnàrrényuánrérxífur

See also

Notes

  1. See .
  2. See .
  3. See .
  4. See .
  5. See .
  6. See the neologism WiFi (wāifài).
  7. See .
  8. See .
  9. See .
  10. See .
  11. See .
  12. See 𤭢 .
  13. See and the neologism C .
  14. See .
  15. See .
  16. See .
  17. See .
  18. See .
  19. See .
  20. See .
  21. See .
  22. See .
  23. See .
  24. See .
  25. See .
  26. See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. , , , .
  27. See 𧟰 .
  28. See .
  29. See the neologism Q .
  30. See 𨈖 .
  31. See the neologism ㄍㄧㄣ .
  32. See 𰻞 , biangbiang noodles and ㄅㄧㄤˋ .
  33. See .
  34. See the neologism ㄎㄧㄤ .
  35. See the neologism ㄍㄧㄥ .
  36. See .
  37. See .
  38. See .
  39. See .
  40. See .
  41. See the neologism ㄆㄨㄣ .
  42. See .
  43. See the neologism duang.
  44. See the variant pronunciation of .
  45. See the Taiwan variant pronunciations of e.g. , , 孿 , , .
  46. See the Beijing variant pronunciation of .
  47. See .

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