Plaza Independencia | |
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| Public square | |
 The Legazpi Monument | |
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| Location | Cebu City, Philippines |
| Coordinates: 10°17′34.5″N123°54′20.0″E / 10.292917°N 123.905556°E | |
The Plaza Independencia ("Independence Plaza") is a Spanish colonial era plaza in Cebu City.
Various names have been used to refer to the Plaza Independencia throughout its history. In the 17th century, it was known as the Plaza de Armas and later the Plaza Mayor. [1] In the later part of the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines, the civic space was referred to as the Plaza de María Cristina, in honor of Queen Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies. [1] [2] Sometime during the American colonial period of the first half of the 20th century, the square was known as the Plaza Libertad. [1] The plaza's current name was adopted sometime prior to the start of World War II. [1]
The Plaza Independencia grounds features a historic triangular fortification known as the Fort San Pedro. It also has a monument which was built in honor of Spanish navigator Miguel López de Legazpi, who also became the first Governor-General of the Philippines, and a fountain. It also has other monuments dedicated to other figures such as chronicler Antonio Pigafetta, President Ramon Magsaysay and to war veterans. An underground tunnel, built from 2009 to 2011, connects mainland Cebu City to the South Road Properties. [2]
The Pigafetta monument was restored in 2021, in line with the 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines. [3] [4]
The Plaza Independencia is identified as a heritage site by the National Historical Institute. The Cebu City Council also has passed an ordinance in 2020 which protects heritage and cultural sites in the city including the plaza. [5]
The Battle of Mactan(Filipino: Labanan sa Mactan; Spanish: Batalla de Mactán) was a battle fought on a beach in Mactan Island between the forces of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and local allies, and Lapulapu, the chieftain of the island, on the early morning hours of April 27, 1521. Magellan, a Portuguese-born commander serving the Spanish Empire who led an expedition that ultimately circumnavigated the world for the first time, commanded a small Spanish contingent in an effort to subdue Mactan led by Lapulapu under the Spanish crown. The sheer number of Lapulapu's forces, compounded with issues on the location and armor, ultimately resulted in a disastrous defeat to the Europeans and the death of Magellan. Surviving members of Magellan's crew continued the expedition under the command of Juan Sebastian de Elcano, who completed the journey in September 1522.
Lapulapu or Lapu-Lapu, whose name was first recorded as Çilapulapu, was a datu (chief) of Mactan in the Visayas in the Philippines.
Intramuros, is the 0.67-square-kilometer (0.26 sq mi) historic walled area within the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is administered by the Intramuros Administration with the help of the city government of Manila.
Fort San Pedro is a military defense structure in Cebu, Philippines, built by the Spanish under the command of Miguel López de Legazpi, first governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. It is located in the area now called Plaza Independencia, in the pier area of the city. The original fort was made of wood and built after the arrival of Legazpi and his expedition. In the early 17th century a stone fort was built to repel Muslim raiders. Today's structure dates from 1738 and is the oldest triangular bastion fort in the country. It served as the nucleus of the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines. During the Philippine Revolution at the end of the 19th century, it was attacked and taken by Filipino revolutionaries, who used it as a stronghold.
Magellan's Cross Pavilion is a stone kiosk in Cebu City, Philippines. The structure is situated on Plaza Sugbo beside the Basilica del Santo Niño It houses a Christian cross that was planted by explorers of the Spanish expedition of the first circumnavigation of the world, led by Ferdinand Magellan, upon arriving in Cebu in the Philippines on April 21, 1521.
Dapitan, officially the City of Dapitan, is a 3rd class component city in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 85,202 people.
The architecture of the Philippines reflects the historical and cultural traditions in the country. Most prominent historic structures in the archipelago are influenced by Austronesian, United States|American]] architectures.
Rajah Humabon, later baptized as Don Carlos, was a King of Cebu in the 16th century.
The Archdiocese of Cebu is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines and one of the ecclesiastical provinces of the Catholic Church in the country. It is composed of the entire civil province of Cebu. It is the Mother Church of the Philippines. The jurisdiction, Cebu, is considered as the fount of Christianity in the Far East.
Historical markers are installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) in the Philippines and places abroad that signify important events, persons, structures, and institutions in Philippine national and local histories. The plaques themselves are permanent signs installed by the NHCP in publicly visible locations on buildings, monuments, or in special locations. Local municipalities and cities can also install markers of figures and events of local significance. Though they may have the permission of the NHCP, these markers are barred from using the seal of the Republic of the Philippines.
Osmeña Boulevard is a major arterial thoroughfare in Cebu City, Philippines. It is the city's "main street" which travels in a generally northwest–southeast orientation linking the old downtown district of San Roque near the harbor with the modern uptown Capitol Site district. Beginning at M.J. Cuenco Avenue in the east, the boulevard heads northwest towards Fuente Osmeña circle and ends at Escario Street. At its north end, the Cebu Provincial Capitol serves as a prominent terminating vista. It is the location of many of Cebu's notable institutions such as the Cebu Normal University, Abellana National School and Cebu Doctors' University Hospital; the Basilica of Santo Niño; one of the city's tallest buildings, Crown Regency Hotel; and shopping centers Robinsons Fuente and Gaisano Colon.
The first documented Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday. It was conducted by Father Pedro de Valderrama of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition along the shores of what was referred to in the journals of Antonio Pigafetta as "Mazaua".
Mactan Shrine, also known as Liberty Shrine, is a memorial park on the island of Mactan in Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines. It hosts two monuments, namely the Magellan Monument, which is dedicated to Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and the Lapu Lapu Monument, a bronze statue which commemorates Lapu Lapu, a native leader who defeated Spanish soldiers led by Magellan in the 1521 Battle of Mactan.
The 2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines is a series of observances organized to mark the 500th anniversary of various events in the Philippines, notably the introduction of Christianity in the Philippines, the role of the country in the Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation, and the victory of Lapulapu in the Battle of Mactan.
The Lapulapu Memorial Shrine and Museum is a proposed museum and monument to Lapulapu to be built at Mactan Shrine in Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines.
The Blockade of Cebu was a failed Portuguese naval action against the Spanish colony in the present-day city of Cebu, Philippines in 1568. The Portuguese fleet under captain-general Gonzalo Pereira blockaded Cebu in an effort to starve and expel the Spanish. However, the Spanish colony proved to be resistant to the blockade and the Portuguese fleet eventually suffered from typhoid fever. Pereira then decided to lift the blockade and sail the fleet to the Maluku Islands.
The 500 Years of Christianity in the Philippines was a quincentennial observed in the Philippines. It was held from April 4, 2021, to April 24, 2022, to commemorate the introduction of Christianity in the Philippines in 1521 when the Magellan expedition made a stopover in the islands.
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