The Shining Path, self-named the Communist Party of Peru, is a far-left political party and guerrilla group in Peru, following Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Gonzalo Thought. Academics often refer to the group as the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path to distinguish it from other communist parties in Peru.
Union for Peru is a Peruvian political party founded by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, an ex-UN Secretary General, in 1994 to run for the presidency of Peru in the 1995 general elections. Originally a social democratic party, the party became the main political home of the Peruvian ethnocacerist movement in the late-2010s after a group led by former Army Major Antauro Humala joined the party. Humala later formed the Patriotic Front in 2018 and contested the 2021 general elections.
Antauro Igor Humala Tasso is a Peruvian ethnocacerist, a former army major, and nationalist leader. He has been the Leader of the political party ANTAURO since its creation in 2023.
The ethnocacerist movement is a Peruvian ethnic nationalist movement that espouses an ideology called ethnocacerism. The movement seeks to establish a dictatorship of the proletariat led by the country's Indigenous communities and their descendants. It draws on the ideas and history of several Indigenous and anti-colonial movements, including those of Juan Velasco Alvarado, Evo Morales, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Muammar Gaddafi, and Che Guevara. Ethnocacerism is considered an Indigenist ideology and is currently represented in electoral politics by the Union for Peru party and other smaller parties. The ideology is also followed by Peruvian militant groups such as the Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists and Ejército de Reservistas Andino Amazónico – T.
Surquillo is a district located in Lima, Peru. The district is bordered by the districts of San Isidro and San Borja on the north; by Miraflores on the south and west; and by Santiago de Surco on the east.
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the political centre during his presidency.
Nancy Rufina Obregón Peralta is a Peruvian cocalero activist and former congresswoman who represented San Martín for the 2006–2011 term.
The internal conflict in Peru is an armed conflict between the Government of Peru and the Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path. The conflict's main phase began on 17 May 1980 and ended in December 2000. From 1982 to 1997 the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement waged its own insurgency as a Marxist–Leninist rival to the Shining Path. As fighting intensified in the 1980s, the Peruvian government had one of the worst human rights records in the Western Hemisphere; Peru experienced the most forced disappearances in the world during the period while the Peruvian Armed Forces acted with impunity throughout the conflict, sometimes massacring entire villages.
Orlando Alejandro Borda Casafranca, who used the nom de guerre Comrade Alipio, was a Shining Path commander and one of the highest-ranking members of the Shining Path. He was killed on 11 August 2013 in a Peruvian Army operation in Llochegua.
Comrade José is a Peruvian communist militant, leader of the Militarized Communist Party of Peru, an offshoot of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist guerrilla Shining Path. The group is present in the VRAEM region.
Gonzalo Thought, also known as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought and Gonzaloism, is an ideological doctrine developed by Peruvian revolutionary Abimael Guzmán as an interpretation of Peruvian reality based on Marxism–Leninism–Maoism.
The San Miguel del Ene attack was a massacre on 23 May 2021 in San Miguel del Ene, a rural area in the Vizcatán del Ene District of Satipo Province in Peru, in which 18 people were killed. The massacre was most likely perpetrated by the Militarized Communist Party of Peru (MPCP), a split of the Maoist terrorist organization Shining Path. The attack occurred in the Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro (VRAEM) conflict region, where the group operates.
The Militarized Communist Party of Peru is a political party and militant group in Peru that follows Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and participates in the communist insurgency in Peru. It is considered a terrorist organization by the government of Peru. The MPCP operates primarily in the VRAEM area and is involved in the area's coca production. Comrade José has been the leader of the MPCP since its official creation in 2018 after its final split from the declining Shining Path guerilla group.
General elections are scheduled to be held in Peru on 12 April 2026, with proposals to bring them forward to 2023 or 2024 due to the 2022–2023 Peruvian protests rejected. The presidential elections will determine the president and the vice presidents, while the congressional elections will determine the composition of the Congress of Peru, which will return to being a bicameral legislature with a 60-seat Senate and 130-seat Chamber of Deputies.
Guillermo Bermejo Rojas is a Peruvian politician. He was elected for the Congress of Peru for the 2021-2026 period.
The Andahuaylas uprising, better known in Peru as the Andahuaylazo, was a military uprising that took place in the Peruvian city of Andahuaylas and was led by the retired Peruvian Army major Antauro Humala, who, leading 160 reservists, demanded the resignation of then-President Alejandro Toledo among other key objectives. It took place between January 1 and 4, 2005, ending with the capture of Antauro Humala and the surrender of his followers.
The United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru (FUDARP) is an alliance between the Militarized Communist Party of Peru (MPCP) and the Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) formed in 2017, with the objective of reconciling the two armed groups.
The National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, University Students and Reservists, or just the National Alliance is a Peruvian political party. Founded in 2023, it is led by Antauro Humala, leader of the Ethnocacerist movement.
The Shining Path remnants are factions derived from the armed group that split off after the peace agreement between the imprisoned Abimael Guzmán and the Peruvian State in 1993. These include the Sendero Luminoso del Alto Huallaga (disbanded), the Mantaro Rojo Base Committee and the Militarized Communist Party of Peru.
Tattoos in Memory is a 2024 Peruvian drama film directed by Luis Llosa from a screenplay written by Mario Vargas Llosa, based on the autobiographical book Memorias de un soldado desconocido by Lurgio Gavilán Sánchez. It is about a former terrorist and soldier seeking redemption by becoming a Franciscan priest. It premiered on August 29, 2024, in Peruvian theaters.
United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru 
Hezbollah (denied)
Peasant Rounds 
Militarized Communist Party of Peru 
Peru 