Polish People's Party of Wilno Land Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe Ziemi Wileńskiej | |
---|---|
Leader | Bronisław Krzyżanowski |
Dissolved | 1922 |
Headquarters | Vilnius |
Ideology | Agrarianism Agrarian socialism |
Political position | Left-wing |
The Polish People's Party of Wilno Land [lower-alpha 1] was a left-wing political party in the Republic of Central Lithuania. [1] Following the 1922 general elections, it held 13 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania. [2] Its ideology consisted of the agrarianism and agrarian socialism, and it supported the authonomy of Central Lithuania from Poland. Its leader was Bronisław Krzyżanowski. [1]
The Republic of Central Lithuania, commonly known as the Central Lithuania, and the Middle Lithuania, was an unrecognized short-lived puppet state of Poland, that existed from 1920 to 1922. It was founded on 12 October 1920, after successful Żeligowski's Mutiny, during which the volunteer 1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Division under command of general Lucjan Żeligowski seized the Vilnius Region that Lithuania made claims to. It was incorporated into Poland on 18 April 1922.
The Saeima is the parliament of the Republic of Latvia. It is a unicameral parliament consisting of 100 members who are elected by proportional representation, with seats allocated to political parties which gain at least 5% of the popular vote. Elections are scheduled to be held once every four years, normally on the first Saturday of October. The most recent elections were held in October 2022.
The Wilno Voivodeship was one of 16 Voivodeships in the Second Polish Republic, with the capital in Wilno. The jurisdiction was created in 1926 and populated predominantly by Poles, with notable minorities of Belarusians, Jews and Lithuanians. Before 1926, the voivodeship's area was known as the Wilno Land; it had the same boundaries and was also within the contemporary borders of Poland at the time.
A Treaty of Perpetual Peace between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was signed on 6 May 1686 in Moscow by Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth envoys: voivod of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski and chancellor (kanclerz) of Lithuania Marcjan Ogiński and Russian knyaz Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn. These parties were incited to cooperate after a major geopolitical intervention in Ukraine on the part of the Ottoman Empire.
Prince Tadeusz Franciszek Andrzej Ogiński was a szlachcic from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Poland has a multi-party political system. On the national level, Poland elects the head of state – the president – and a legislature. There are also various local elections, referendums and elections to the European Parliament.
The General Sejm was the bicameral legislature of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was established by the Union of Lublin in 1569 following the merger of the legislatures of the two states, the Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Seimas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was one of the primary elements of the democratic governance in the Commonwealth. The sejm was a powerful political institution. The king could not pass laws without its approval.
The general election in the Republic of Central Lithuania was an election to the Vilnius Sejm (parliament) of the Polish-dominated Republic of Central Lithuania on 8 January 1922. The new parliament was intended to formally legalize incorporation of Central Lithuania into Poland. Such measure was fiercely opposed by Lithuania, which claimed the territory for itself. The election was boycotted by non-Polish population and its results were unrecognized by either the Lithuanian government in Kaunas or the League of Nations. The elected parliament convened in February and, as expected, voted on 20 February 1922 to have the Republic incorporated into Poland. At the end of March 1922, Central Lithuania became Wilno Land of the Second Polish Republic.
The order of precedence for members of the Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was created at the same time as the Commonwealth itself – at the Lublin Sejm in 1569. The Commonwealth was a union, in existence from 1569 to 1795, of two constituent nations: the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The union's legislative power was vested in a diet (assembly) known as the Sejm which consisted of the three Estates of the Sejm: the monarch, holding the titles of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania; the Senate; and the House of Deputies.
The Legislative Sejm or Constituent Sejm was the first national parliament (Sejm), and simultaneously Constituent Assembly of the newly independent Poland, sitting from 1919 to 1922. It was elected in the 1919 Polish legislative election.
The Association of National Parties and Organizations was a right-wing electoral alliance of the political parties in the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the 1922 general elections, it held 43 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania, the most of all parties. It consisted of the Popular National Union, National People's Union, Christian National Labour Party, and Polish Nonpartisan Organization. It supported the incorporation of the Central Lithuania into Poland, and the transfer of the executive powers to the Legislative Sejm of Poland. Its leader was Witold Bańkowski.
Polish Nonpartisan Organization was a political movement of nonpartisan politicians, that operated in the Republic of Central Lithuania. It was part of the Association of National Parties and Organizations, which, following the 1922 general elections, holt 43 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania. It was represented by Wiktor Czarnowski.
The Popular Councils was a centre-left political party in the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the 1922 general elections, it held 34 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania, being the second most popular party. After the Peasant Group of Popular Councils broke away from the party, its number of seats dropped to 27. Its ideology was moderate radicalism, and it supported the incorporation of Central Lithuania into Poland. Its leader was Józef Małowieski.
The Democratic Party was a left-wing political party in the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the 1922 general elections, it held 4 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania. It supported independence of the Sejm from outside influence, and demanded that it should held control over the state administration until the possible future unification with Poland. It believed that the idea of the federation with Poland, proposed by Józef Piłsudski, was impossible to organize at that time, and would have to be postponed for the future. Its leader was Witold Abramowicz.
The Popular Association "Odrodzenie-Wyzwolenie" was a centre-left political party in the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the 1922 general elections, it held 5 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania. Its political programme was identical to the one of Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" that operated in Poland, and was based on agrarianism and agrarian socialism. It supported the authonomy of Central Lithuania from Poland, however it did not oppose the possible future federation with it, as proposed by Józef Piłsudski. Its leader was Ludwik Chomiński.
The Popular Association "Odrodzenie" was a centre-left political party in the Republic of Central Lithuania. Following the 1922 general elections, it held 3 seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania. Its political programme was based on agrarianism and agrarian socialism, and was similar to the one of Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie" that operated in Poland. It supported the federation of Central Lithuania with Lithuania. Its leader was Stefan Mickiewicz.
Polish Socialist Party of Lithuania and Belarus was a left-wing political party, that was an autonomous branch of Polish Socialist Party, and which operated in Lithuania and Belarus in the late 1910s and early 1920s. Its political programme was identical with the one of Polish Socialist Party, and was based around left-wing nationalism and revolutionary socialism.
The Peasant Group of Popular Councils was a left-wing political party in the Republic of Central Lithuania. It was formed in 1922, by breaking off from the Popular Councils during the government cadency, and held seven seats in the Sejm of Central Lithuania. It supported the agrarianism and agrarian socialism. Its leader was Adam Uziembło.
Sejm of Central Lithuania, also known as the Vilnius Sejm, or Wilno Sejm or the Adjudicating Sejm, was the parliament of the short-lived state of Central Lithuania. Formed after the elections of 8 January 1922, it held its proceedings from 1 February to 1 March of that year. It had 106 deputies. Dominated by Polish representatives, it requested Central Lithuania's annexation by Poland and dissolved shortly afterward.
Witold Abramowicz was a politician and jurist. In 1919, he served as the mayor of Vilnius, Lithuania, and from 12 October 1920 to 16 January 1921, he was the chairperson of the Provisional Governing Commission, an executive government of the Republic of Central Lithuania. In 1922, he was the leader of the Democratic Party, which he represented in the Sejm of Central Lithuania from 1 February to 1 March 1922. From 11 March 1928 to 10 July 1935, he represented the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government for Vilnius electoral district, in the Senate of Poland.