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Original author(s) | MITRE Corporation |
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Developer(s) | OSEHRA popHealth Community |
Stable release | 4.0.2 / January 5, 2016 |
Repository | github |
Written in | Ruby and JavaScript |
Operating system | Cross-platform |
License | Apache License 2 |
Website | www |
popHealth is an open-source reference implementation software tool that automates population health reporting.
popHealth integrates with a healthcare provider's electronic health record (EHR) system to produce clinical quality measures (CQM) on the provider's patient population. [1]
popHealth is an open source software tool that generates population health reporting for clinical quality measures for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Meaningful Use program. popHealth integrates with a provider's electronic health record (EHR) to produce summary quality measures on the provider's patient population. [2] popHealth enables a provider to view their quality measures and drill down to the patient data behind them. popHealth allows providers to easily identify outliers for a quality measure. [3] popHealth leverages HL7's Clinical Document Architecture as a standard to receive data from EHRs and other clinical data repositories. Vendors and healthcare providers using clinical repositories for source data may integrate with popHealth, or leverage the quality measure engine that drives the measure calculation.
popHealth allows healthcare providers to better understand their patient population and gives them tools to improve the health of their patients by performing their own population care analysis. [4] popHealth provides a mechanism for sending data on summary quality measures from individual providers to public health organizations. popHealth was designed to operate within a provider's infrastructure and use encryption to address patient privacy and security; supports pre-defined Meaningful Use quality measure reports, and supports the ability to export the PQRI XML as a reporting artifact for the transmission of summary data.
The popHealth project was initially funded by the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC), under the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and developed by the MITRE Corporation. [5] In September 2014, popHealth was transitioned to the OSEHRA Open Source Community for maintenance and further development. [1]
popHealth demonstrates how a provider can use the system to submit quality measures or public health data as part of their existing workflow.
popHealth empowers physicians to better understand their patient population and gives them tools to improve the health of their patients by performing their population care analysis. The software also provides a streamlined mechanism for sending data on summary quality measures from individual providers to public health organizations.
As part of the 2012 Health 2.0 Developer Challenge, a total of US$ 100,000 in awards were offered for the top three projects that utilized the popHealth framework. [6]
popHealth is licensed under an Apache 2.0 open-source license. [7] All the popHealth software is freely available for anyone to download, use, modify and/or redistribute. popHealth uses the Ruby on Rails framework, the open source MongoDB database, and Web 2.0 JavaScript libraries. [8] [9] The popHealth user interface is web-based. [1]
Health Level Seven, abbreviated to HL7, is a range of global standards for the transfer of clinical and administrative health data between applications with the aim to improve patient outcomes and health system performance. The HL7 standards focus on the application layer, which is "layer 7" in the Open Systems Interconnection model. The standards are produced by Health Level Seven International, an international standards organization, and are adopted by other standards issuing bodies such as American National Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization. There are a range of primary standards that are commonly used across the industry, as well as secondary standards which are less frequently adopted.
An electronic health record (EHR) is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically stored health information in a digital format. These records can be shared across different health care settings. Records are shared through network-connected, enterprise-wide information systems or other information networks and exchanges. EHRs may include a range of data, including demographics, medical history, medication and allergies, immunization status, laboratory test results, radiology images, vital signs, personal statistics like age and weight, and billing information.
A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology that provides clinicians, staff, patients, and other individuals with knowledge and person-specific information to help health and health care. CDSS encompasses a variety of tools to enhance decision-making in the clinical workflow. These tools include computerized alerts and reminders to care providers and patients, clinical guidelines, condition-specific order sets, focused patient data reports and summaries, documentation templates, diagnostic support, and contextually relevant reference information, among other tools. CDSSs constitute a major topic in artificial intelligence in medicine.
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The eHealth Exchange, formerly known as the Nationwide Health Information Network, is an initiative for the exchange of healthcare information. It was developed under the auspices of the U.S. Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), and now managed by a non-profit industry coalition called Sequoia Project. The exchange is a web-services based series of specifications designed to securely exchange healthcare related data. The NwHIN is related to the Direct Project which uses a secure email-based approach. One of the latest goals is to increase the amount of onboarding information about the NwHIN to prospective vendors of health care systems.
The Certification Commission for Health Information Technology (CCHIT) was an independent, 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with the public mission of accelerating adoption of robust, interoperable health information technology in the United States. The Commission certified electronic health record technology (EHR) from 2006 until 2014. It was approved by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as an Authorized Testing and Certification Body (ONC-ATCB). The CCHIT Certified program is an independently developed certification that includes a rigorous inspection of an EHR's integrated functionality, interoperability and security using criteria developed by CCHIT's broadly representative, expert work groups. These products may also be certified in the ONC-ATCB certification program.
Patient portals are healthcare-related online applications that allow patients to interact and communicate with their healthcare providers, such as physicians and hospitals. Typically, portal services are available on the Internet at all hours of the day and night. Some patient portal applications exist as stand-alone web sites and sell their services to healthcare providers. Other portal applications are integrated into the existing web site of a healthcare provider. Still others are modules added onto an existing electronic medical record (EMR) system. What all of these services share is the ability of patients to interact with their medical information via the Internet. Currently, the lines between an EMR, a personal health record, and a patient portal are blurring. For example, Intuit Health and Microsoft HealthVault describe themselves as personal health records (PHRs), but they can interface with EMRs and communicate through the Continuity of Care Record standard, displaying patient data on the Internet so it can be viewed through a patient portal.
Health information technology (HIT) is health technology, particularly information technology, applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors. Based on a 2008 report on a small series of studies conducted at four sites that provide ambulatory care – three U.S. medical centers and one in the Netherlands, the use of electronic health records (EHRs) was viewed as the most promising tool for improving the overall quality, safety and efficiency of the health delivery system.
Athenahealth, Inc. is a privately held American company that provides network-enabled services for healthcare and point-of-care mobile apps in the United States.
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) is a staff division of the Office of the Secretary, within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ONC leads national health IT efforts. It is charged as the principal federal entity to coordinate nationwide efforts to implement the use of advanced health information technology and the electronic exchange of health information.
The Veterans Health Information Systems and Technology Architecture (VISTA) is the system of record for the clinical, administrative and financial operations of the Veterans Health Administration VISTA consists of over 180 clinical, financial, and administrative applications integrated within a single shared lifelong database (figure 1).
An accountable care organization (ACO) is a healthcare organization that ties provider reimbursements to quality metrics and reductions in the cost of care. ACOs in the United States are formed from a group of coordinated health-care practitioners. They use alternative payment models, normally, capitation. The organization is accountable to patients and third-party payers for the quality, appropriateness and efficiency of the health care provided. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, an ACO is "an organization of health care practitioners that agrees to be accountable for the quality, cost, and overall care of Medicare beneficiaries who are enrolled in the traditional fee-for-service program who are assigned to it".
The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, abbreviated the HITECH Act, was enacted under Title XIII of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. Under the HITECH Act, the United States Department of Health and Human Services resolved to spend $25.9 billion to promote and expand the adoption of health information technology. The Washington Post reported the inclusion of "as much as $36.5 billion in spending to create a nationwide network of electronic health records." At the time it was enacted, it was considered "the most important piece of health care legislation to be passed in the last 20 to 30 years" and the "foundation for health care reform."
The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources standard is a set of rules and specifications for exchanging electronic health care data. It is designed to be flexible and adaptable, so that it can be used in a wide range of settings and with different health care information systems. The goal of FHIR is to enable the seamless and secure exchange of health care information, so that patients can receive the best possible care. The standard describes data formats and elements and an application programming interface (API) for exchanging electronic health records (EHR). The standard was created by the Health Level Seven International (HL7) health-care standards organization.
The Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS), formerly known as the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI), is a health care quality improvement incentive program initiated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the United States in 2006. It is an example of a "pay for performance" program which rewards providers financially for reporting healthcare quality data to CMS. PQRS ended in 2016, beginning with the 2018 payment adjustment. The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) replaced this and other CMS quality programs with a new umbrella program called the Quality Payment Program (QPP), under which clinicians formerly reporting under PQRS would instead report quality data under one of two QPP program tracks: the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) or the Advanced Alternative Payment Model (APMs) track.
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The additional software that Epocrates EHR v2 relied upon to demonstrate compliance includes: AHRQ ePSS, LabSoft, Healthwise, OpenSSL, popHealth.