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The Milizia Coloniale was an all-volunteer colonial militia composed of members of the Fascist Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale or MVSN, commonly called the "Blackshirts". It is considered unique in modern Italian military history, with its reputation matched only by the pre-unification paramilitary forces Redshirts.
The 1st CC.NN. Division "23 Marzo" was an Italian CC.NN. division raised on 23 April 1935 for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War against Ethiopia. The name "23 Marzo" was chosen to commemorate the founding date of the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento on 23 March 1919. The division took part in the Italian invasion of Egypt and was destroyed during the Battle of Bardia in January 1941.
The Royal Italian Army (RE) was the land force of the Kingdom of Italy, established with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. During the 19th century Italy started to unify into one country, and in 1861 Manfredo Fanti signed a decree creating the Army of the Two Sicilies. This newly created army's first task was to defend its territorial gains against Legitimists in southern Italy, who remained loyal to Francis II of the Two Sicilies. The Army of the Two Sicilies also waged what many modern historians now consider a civil war against outlaws and Bourbonist guerrillas, such as the famous Michelina Di Cesare, and against other Italian states' armies during the continuing wars of unification. After the monarchy ended in 1946, the army changed its name to become the modern Italian Army.
The 5th CC.NN. Division "1 Febbraio" was an Italian CC.NN. division raised on 15 July 1935 for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War against Ethiopia and disbanded shortly after the war. The name "1 Febbraio" was chosen to commemorate the founding of the Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale on 1 February 1923.
The 7th CC.NN. Division "Cirene" was an Italian CC.NN. division raised on 27 April 1936 for the Second Italo-Ethiopian War against Ethiopia and disbanded on 15 September 1936 after the war's end. The name "Cirene" was chosen to commemorate the Roman city of Cyrene located in the Cyrenaica, where the division was deployed. The division's commander was Lieutenant General Guido Scandolara. The division was deployed in Libya during the war against Abyssinia to threaten the Suez Canal should the British close it to Italian traffic. It was never deployed to Abyssinia, but was considered to take part in the campaign. It actually acted as a local garrison and engaged in various construction projects.
The Voluntary Militia for National Security, commonly called the Blackshirts or squadristi, was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents. In 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime, the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded.
The Obice da 149/12 was an Italian howitzer produced under license in Italy by Ansaldo and Vickers-Terni which was used during World War I and World War II.
The Maritime Artillery Militia was an artillery unit of Italy's Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale. It was active from 1939 to 6 December 1943.
The Forestry Militia was the branch of the Volunteer Militia for National Security tasked with protecting and managing Italy's forestry resources and national parks, and countering poaching and other environmental crimes. It was formed in 1926, replacing the Royal Forestry Corps, and dissolved in 1948, being in turn replaced by the State Forestry Corps.
Enrico Francisci was an Italian Blackshirt general during World War II.
Gustavo Reisoli Matthieu di Pian Villar was an Italian general during World War II.
Army Group West was an Army Group of the Royal Italian Army in World War II.
Pietro Barone was an Italian admiral during World War II. He was the naval commander of Sicily for most of the war.
Renzo Montagna was an Italian Blackshirt general during World War II. After the Armistice of Cassibile he joined the Italian Social Republic, becoming the last commander of the MVSN before its dissolution and later the last chief of the police of the Italian Social Republic.
The Border Militia was the branch of the Volunteer Militia for National Security entrusted with border control in Fascist Italy.
Count Carlo Ceriana-Mayneri was an Italian general during World War II.
Melchiade Gabba was an Italian general during the Fascist period, who served as commander of the Royal Corps of Colonial Troops of Eritrea and Chief of Staff of the East Africa High Command during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. From 27 July 1943 to 24 February 1944 he was Minister of Italian Africa of the Badoglio I Cabinet. He was also a Senator of the Kingdom of Italy from 1939 to 1944.
Mario Badino Rossi was an Italian general during World War II.
The Cannone da 75/27 A.V. was an anti-aircraft gun developed in Italy during the First World War that also saw service during the Second World War.
References
- 1 2 3 "Regio Esercito - MVSN - La Milizia Portuale". Regioesercito.it. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
- 1 2 "La milizia volontaria". Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
- ↑ "Regio Esercito - MVSN - La Milizia Portuaria". Regioesercito.it. Retrieved 2021-09-27.