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Bumin Qaghan (Old Turkic:𐰉𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣,romanized: Bumïn qaγan,also known as Illig Qaghan or YamïQaghan was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate. He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu. He was the chieftain of the Turks under the sovereignty of Rouran Khaganate. He is also mentioned as Tumen of the Rouran Khaganate.
Ishbara Qaghan was the first son of Issik Qaghan,grandson of Bumin Qaghan,and the sixth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (581–587).
Tulan Qaghan was the seventh qaghan (Khaqan) of the Turkic Khaganate and the son of Ishbara Qaghan.
Yami Qaghan,personal name Ashina Rangan,at one point known as Tolis Qaghan and later El Ïduk Jamï(r) Qağan was the first qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
Shibi Khagan succeeded Yami Qaghan as the second khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
Ashina Xichun,also known as Chuluo Khagan,was the khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate,and second son of Yami Qaghan. He succeeded his elder brother Shibi and ruled for 18 months.
Illig Qaghan,born Ashina Duobi,posthumous name Prince Huang of Guiyi (歸義荒王),was the last qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
Empress Xiao,formally Empress Min,was an empress of the Chinese Sui dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Yang of Sui.
The transition from Sui to Tang (613–628),or simply the Sui-Tang transition,was the period of Chinese history between the end of the Sui dynasty and the start of the Tang dynasty. The Sui dynasty's territories were carved into a handful of short-lived states by its officials,generals,and agrarian rebel leaders. A process of elimination and annexation followed that ultimately culminated in the consolidation of the Tang dynasty by the former Sui general Li Yuan. Near the end of the Sui,Li Yuan installed the puppet child emperor Yang You. Li later executed Yang and proclaimed himself emperor of the new Tang dynasty.
The Xueyantuo were an ancient Tiele tribe and khaganate in Northeast Asia who were at one point vassals of the Göktürks,later aligning with the Tang dynasty against the Eastern Göktürks.
Pei Ju,birth name Pei Shiju,courtesy name Hongda,formally Duke Jing of Anyi,was a Chinese cartographer,diplomat,politician,and writer who lived in the Sui and Tang dynasties,briefly serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Tang. He was praised by traditional Chinese historians for his ability and lack of corruption,but blamed for flattering Emperor Yang of Sui and practically directly contributing to Sui's downfall by encouraging many external military campaigns that drained Sui's resources. Modern historians have questioned these assessments:Arthur F. Wright labelled the latter judgement in the Zizhi tongjian a "particularly blatant piece of editorializing" and "absurd ... beyond doubt."
Heshana Qaghan or Heshana Khagan (Chinese:曷娑那可汗,:hésuōnàkěhàn,:ho-so-na k'o-han,Middle Chinese or 曷薩那可汗/曷萨那可汗,hésànàkěhàn,ho-sa-na k'o-han;at one point known as Chuluo Kehan and Nijue Chuluo Khagan,personal name Ashina Daman - was the second khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate. He was the son of Niri Qaghan. He appeared as Čôl χâɣân in The Provincial Capitals of Iran.
The Eastern Turkic Khaganate was a Turkic khaganate formed as a result of the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century after the First Turkic Khaganate had splintered into two polities –one in the east and the other in the west. Finally,the Eastern Turkic Khaganate was defeated and absorbed by the Tang dynasty,and Xueyantuo occupied the territory of the former Turkic Khaganate.
The Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks of 629-630 was an armed conflict that resulted in the Tang dynasty destroying the Eastern Turkic Khaganate and annexing its territories.
Qilibi Khan,personal name Ashina Simo (阿史那思摩),Chinese name Li Simo (李思摩),full regal title Yiminishuqilibi Khagan (乙彌泥孰俟力苾可汗),Tang noble title Prince of Huaihua (懷化王),was a member of the Eastern Tujue (Göktürk) royal house who was given the title of Khan of Eastern Tujue for several years,as a vassal of the Chinese Tang dynasty.
Qapaghan or Qapghan Qaghan was the second khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate during Wu Zetian's reign and was the younger brother of the first kaghan,Ilterish Qaghan.
The First Turkic Khaganate,also referred to as the First Turkic Empire,Göktürk Khaganate,or the Turkic Khaganate,was a Turkic khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan and his brother Istämi. The First Turkic Khaganate succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the hegemonic power of the Mongolian Plateau and rapidly expanded their territories in Central Asia. The khaganate became the first Central Asian transcontinental empire from Manchuria to the Black Sea.
Yang Zhengdao or Yang Min was a Chinese figurehead installed by the Eastern Turkic Khaganate during the bloody Sui–Tang transition. He was a grandson of Emperor Yang of Sui,and "ruled" as King of Sui in an area around Dingxiang Commandery from 620 —when he was still a baby —to 630,the year he surrendered to the Tang Empire. His state is sometimes known in history as the Later Sui.
The Battle of Yinshan was fought on 27 March 630 CE near the Yin mountain range close to the city of Dingxiang. Emperor Taizong (598-649) commissioned the famed Tang military officer Li Jing,along with Li Shiji,Wei Xiaojie,Li Daozong,Chai Shao (柴紹),and Xue Wanche (薛萬徹) to attack forces under the command of Illig Qaghan,leader of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate,a nomadic confederation of Turkic peoples based in Inner Asia. The battle ended in defeat for the Göktürks and resulted in the dissolution of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate,which was eventually replaced by the Protectorate General to Pacify the North,otherwise known as the Anbei Protectorate (安北都護府) in 647 CE after the Tang dynasty definitively conquered the Xueyantuo.
Ashina Shibobi —was a lesser khagan,who ruled the eastern wing of Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
References
- ↑ Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2012-02-01). Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty: His Life, Times, and Legacy. SUNY Press. pp. 63–4. ISBN 978-0-7914-8268-1.
- ↑ Taşağil, Ahmet. (1995–2004). Gök-Türkler. Atatürk Kültür, Dil, ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu (Turkey). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN 975-16-1113-X. OCLC 33892575.
- 1 2 3 Hung, Hing Ming (2013). Li Shi Min, Founding the Tang Dynasty: The Strategies that Made China the Greatest Empire in Asia. Algora Publishing. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-87586-980-3.
- ↑ Guang, Sima. Records of Later Liang Dynasty 后梁纪: Zi Zhi Tong Jian资治通鉴; or Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance; Volume 266 – 271. DeepLogic. p. 48.
- ↑ "Ashina Momo - China Biographical Database Project (CBDB)". db1.ihp.sinica.edu.tw. Retrieved 2019-12-13.