Protein BEX2

BEX2
Identifiers
Aliases	BEX2 , BEX1, DJ79P11.1, brain expressed X-linked 2
External IDs	OMIM: 300691; MGI: 1338017; HomoloGene: 135604; GeneCards: BEX2; OMA:BEX2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. X chromosome (human) [1] Band Xq22.2 Start 103,309,346 bp [1] End 103,311,007 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. X chromosome (mouse) [2] Band X F1|X 57.37 cM Start 134,967,313 bp [2] End 134,968,985 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in endothelial cell Brodmann area 23 pons anterior pituitary prefrontal cortex superior vestibular nucleus nucleus accumbens middle temporal gyrus cerebellar vermis Brodmann area 9 Top expressed in arcuate nucleus ventromedial nucleus paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus temporal lobe amygdala dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lateral septal nucleus anterior amygdaloid area lateral hypothalamus median eminence More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm nucleus Biological process regulation of apoptotic process cell cycle regulation of cell cycle apoptotic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 84707 12069 Ensembl ENSG00000133134 ENSMUSG00000042750 UniProt Q9BXY8 Q9WTZ8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_032621 NM_001168399 NM_001168400 NM_001168401 NM_009749 RefSeq (protein) NP_001161871 NP_001161872 NP_001161873 NP_116010 NP_033879 Location (UCSC) Chr X: 103.31 – 103.31 Mb Chr X: 134.97 – 134.97 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Protein BEX2 also known as brain-expressed X-linked protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEX2 gene. ^{[5] [6]} It is exclusively expressed in the pancreas, kidney, liver, adrenal gland and testis. ^[7] In accordance with cancer stem cell theory, theres is a link between BEX2 and dormant cancer stem cells of many different types of cancer. ^[8]

The exact role of the protein is controversial however there is research that narrows down its effects. In cholangiocarcinoma stem cells, BEX2 suppresses mitochondrial functions through the TUMF protein and BEX2 is degraded by FEM1B-CUL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. ^[9] A link was found between BEX2 and MMP2 in regards to cancer invasion. ^[10] Increase of BEX2 expression caused an increase in stem cell development in the liver but loss of BEX2 caused no noticable abnormalitiies. BEX2 expression has also protected cells from apoptosis which can contribute to cancerous growth. ^[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000133134 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000042750 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA (Dec 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC   139241 . PMID   12477932.
6. "Entrez Gene: BEX2 brain expressed X-linked 2".
7. Kazi, Julhash U.; Kabir, Nuzhat N.; Rönnstrand, Lars (December 2015). "Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer. 1856 (2): 226–233. doi:10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.09.001.
8. Tamai, Keiichi; Nakamura-Shima, Mao; Shibuya-Takahashi, Rie; Kanno, Shin-Ichiro; Yasui, Akira; Mochizuki, Mai; Iwai, Wataru; Wakui, Yuta; Abue, Makoto; Yamamoto, Kuniharu; Miura, Koh; Mizuma, Masamichi; Unno, Michiaki; Kawamura, Sadafumi; Sato, Ikuro (2020-12-09). "BEX2 suppresses mitochondrial activity and is required for dormant cancer stem cell maintenance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Scientific Reports. 10 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78539-0. ISSN   2045-2322.
9. Tamai, Keiichi; Nakamura-Shima, Mao; Shibuya-Takahashi, Rie; Kanno, Shin-Ichiro; Yasui, Akira; Mochizuki, Mai; Iwai, Wataru; Wakui, Yuta; Abue, Makoto; Yamamoto, Kuniharu; Miura, Koh; Mizuma, Masamichi; Unno, Michiaki; Kawamura, Sadafumi; Sato, Ikuro (2020-12-09). "BEX2 suppresses mitochondrial activity and is required for dormant cancer stem cell maintenance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 21592. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78539-0. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   7725823 . PMID   33299012.
10. Zhou, Xiuping; Xu, Xuebin; Meng, Qingming; Hu, Jinxia; Zhi, Tongle; Shi, Qiong; Yu, Rutong (2013-05-01). "Bex2 is Critical for Migration and Invasion in Malignant Glioma Cells". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 50 (1): 78–87. doi:10.1007/s12031-012-9864-8. ISSN   1559-1166.

Further reading

• Baldisseri DM, Margolis JW, Weber DJ, et al. (2002). "Olfactory marker protein (OMP) exhibits a beta-clam fold in solution: implications for target peptide interaction and olfactory signal transduction". J. Mol. Biol. 319 (3): 823–837. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00282-6. PMID   12054873.
• Alvarez E, Zhou W, Witta SE, Freed CR (2005). "Characterization of the Bex gene family in humans, mice, and rats". Gene. 357 (1): 18–28. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.05.012. PMID   15958283.
• Han C, Liu H, Liu J, et al. (2005). "Human Bex2 interacts with LMO2 and regulates the transcriptional activity of a novel DNA-binding complex". Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (20): 6555–6565. doi:10.1093/nar/gki964. PMC   1298925 . PMID   16314316.
• Foltz G, Ryu GY, Yoon JG, et al. (2006). "Genome-wide analysis of epigenetic silencing identifies BEX1 and BEX2 as candidate tumor suppressor genes in malignant glioma". Cancer Res. 66 (13): 6665–6674. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4453 . PMID   16818640.
• Fischer C, Drexler HG, Reinhardt J, et al. (2007). "Epigenetic regulation of brain expressed X-linked-2, a marker for acute myeloid leukemia with mixed lineage leukemia rearrangements". Leukemia. 21 (2): 374–377. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404493. PMID   17251904. S2CID   30361206.
• Naderi A, Teschendorff AE, Beigel J, et al. (2007). "BEX2 is overexpressed in a subset of primary breast cancers and mediates nerve growth factor/nuclear factor-kappaB inhibition of apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines". Cancer Res. 67 (14): 6725–6736. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-4394 . PMID   17638883.