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Founded in 1925, The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids, commonly referred to as the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), was the first labor organization led by African Americans to receive a charter in the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The BSCP gathered a membership of 18,000 passenger railway workers across Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Pullman porters were men hired to work for the railroads as porters on sleeping cars. Starting shortly after the American Civil War, George Pullman sought out former slaves to work on his sleeper cars. Their job was to carry passengers’ baggage, shine shoes, set up and maintain the sleeping berths, and serve passengers. Pullman porters served American railroads from the late 1860s until the Pullman Company ceased operations on December 31, 1968, though some sleeping-car porters continued working on cars operated by the railroads themselves and, beginning in 1971, Amtrak. The term "porter" has been superseded in modern American usage by "sleeping car attendant", with the former term being considered "somewhat derogatory".
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The Panama Limited was a passenger train operated from 1911 to 1971 between Chicago, Illinois, and New Orleans, Louisiana. The flagship train of the Illinois Central Railroad, it took its name from the Panama Canal, which in 1911 was three years from completion. For most of its career, the train was "all-Pullman", carrying sleeping cars only. The Panama Limited was one of many trains discontinued when Amtrak began operations in 1971, though Amtrak revived the name later that year and continued it until 1981.
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Under the Gun Theater is a theater company located in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by Angie McMahon and Kevin Mullaney, Under the Gun is a sketch and improvisational comedy theater which opened in Chicago's Lake View community in 2014. The theater was known for its interactive show Comedy Against Humanity, which ended due to legal concerns, based on the game Cards Against Humanity. In September 2017 Under the Gun Theater announced it would partner with the Chicago stand-up comedy institution Lincoln Lodge to focus on producing stand-up comedy shows.
Larry Marshall is an American actor and singer. He is known for his work in musical theatre and film.
Ben Collins-Sussman is an American software engineer, composer, and author. He is the co-creator of the Subversion version control system, co-composer of the musicals Eastland, and Winesburg, Ohio, and co-author of two books on software and management. He co-created two interactive fiction games, Rover's Day Out and Hoosegow. Collins-Sussman lives and works in Chicago, Illinois.
References
- ↑ Friedman, Margaret (18 September 2012). "Fall Arts: Playwright Cheryl L. West Takes the Train". Seattle Weekly.
- 1 2 "Your Chicago: Historic Pullman Neighborhood". 27 September 2013.
- 1 2 Harris, Paul (3 December 2012). "Pullman Porter Blues". Variety .
- ↑ Hayford, Justin (September 25, 2013). "Pullman Porter Blues blues". Chicago Reader . Retrieved January 24, 2019.
- ↑ Jones, Chris (September 24, 2013). "Echoes of race and history from the days of Pullman rail". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved January 24, 2019.