| Pulvermaar | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Pulvermaar | |
  Pulvermaar | |
| Location | Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany |
| Coordinates | 50°7′52″N6°55′34″E / 50.13111°N 6.92611°E |
| Type | Maar |
| Max. width | 700 m (2,300 ft) |
| Surface area | 38.48 ha (95.1 acres) |
| Max. depth | 72 m (236 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 411 m (1,348 ft) |
The Pulvermaar is a water-filled maar that lies southeast of Daun in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Together with the Holzmaar it is one of the Gillenfeld maars.
A tuff site in the bog formations of the neighbouring Strohner Maar is ascribed to the Pulvermaar and is therefore older than the Pulvermaar. Early pollen analyses of the bogs gave an age for the tuff site – and thus the Pulvermaar – of about 10,050 years. [1] : 322f More recent studies show, however, underwater terraces at greater depth as well as ice wedges inside the tephra deposits, both of which suggest that the maar was formed during the last ice age, 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. [1] : 309 [2] Vulcanologists from the Smithsonian Institution estimate the last eruption of the Strohner Maar and Pulvermaar in 8,300 BC. [3]
The almost circular maar has steep funnel-shaped sides. The maar lake lies at a height of 411 m above sea level (NN) and, with a maximum depth of 72 metres (236 ft), is the deepest in the Volcanic Eifel. It has a diameter of about 700 metres (2,300 ft) and surface area of 38.48 hectares (95.1 acres) and is thus also the largest waterbody of the Eifel maars, even if the volcanic structure as a whole, which measures 900 * 950 m is exceeded by other maars in the Eifel. [1] : 322f
After Lake Constance and the lakes of the Pre-Alps (the Königssee, Walchensee, Lake Starnberg, Ammersee, Chiemsee, Tegernsee) the Pulvermaar is the deepest natural lake in Germany. It is likely that the Pulvermaar was originally even deeper, perhaps as deep as 200 metres. Its rim would have had a height of 50 metres.
The maar is surrounded by woods on the rim of the crater, through which a footpath runs around the lake. There is a bathing place on the eastern shore.
The Eifel is a low mountain range in western Germany, eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg. It occupies parts of southwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Rhineland-Palatinate and the southern area of the German-speaking Community of Belgium.
A maar is a broad, low-relief volcanic crater caused by a phreatomagmatic eruption. A maar characteristically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake, which may also be called a maar.
Daun is a town in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the district seat and also the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun.
Demerath is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Ellscheid is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Gillenfeld is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.
Strohn is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Vulkaneifel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Daun, whose seat is in the like-named town.
The Volcanic Eifel or Vulkan Eifel, also known as the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF), is a region in the Eifel Mountains in Germany that is defined to a large extent by its volcanic geological history. Characteristic of this volcanic field are its typical explosion crater lakes or maars, and numerous other signs of volcanic activity such as volcanic tuffs, lava streams and volcanic craters like the Laacher See. The Volcanic Eifel is still volcanically active today. One sign of this activity is the escaping gases in the Laacher See.
The Weinfelder Maar, also called the Totenmaar, is a maar around two kilometres southeast of the town of Daun in the Eifel Mountains, in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
The Ulmener Maar is a maar in the Eifel mountains of Germany in the immediate vicinity of the town of Ulmen in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. The lake is up to 37 metres deep and is surrounded by an embankment of tuff with an average height of 20 metres, which was formed from the erupted material of the former volcano. By the southern edge of the embankment are the ruins of a knight's castle, Ulmen Castle dating to the 11th century.
The Booser Doppelmaar comprises two maars that have silted up and, today, form shallow depressions in the countryside. They lie on the territory of the village of Boos, a few hundred metres west of the village itself. The two maars were formed 10,150 to 14,160 years ago and belong to the Quaternary volcano field of the Volcanic Eifel. From a natural region perspective it lies in the south of the Hohe Acht Upland, ca. 7.8 km south of the summit of the Hohe Acht.
The Holzmaar lies in the Volcanic Eifel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate almost halfway between Gillenfeld and Eckfeld. The maar has an area of about 6.8 hectares, a diameter of 325 metres (1,066 ft) and a depth of 21 metres (69 ft) and lies within a nature reserve, almost completely surrounded by woods. It is one of the two maars making up the Gillenfeld Maars, the other being the Pulvermaar.
The Meerfelder Maar is a maar by the village of Meerfeld not far from the town of Manderscheid in the Eifel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
The Strohner Maarchen is a dry maar near the village of Strohn in the Volcanic Eifel region of Germany. Its bowl forms an elongated oval and has a diameter of about 210 x 140 metres. Its name stems from the fact that it is small for a maar. Together with the Pulvermaar to the north and the adjacent hill of Römerberg the Strohner Maarchen lies within the nature reserve of Pulvermaar mit Römerberg und Strohner Märchen.
The Dreiser Weiher near Dreis-Brück in the vicinity of Daun in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate is a tub-shaped maar in the Eifel mountains. It is up to 1,360 metres long and 1,160 metres wide. It is the second largest maar in the Eifel.
The Hitsche Maar lies in the Eifel Mountains between Bitburg and Ulmen. The maar has a diameter of 60 metres and a crater depth of 5 metres. Known as the "smallest maar in the Eifel", the Hitsche has silted up to form a sedge marsh.
The Immerather Maar is a maar in the municipality of Immerath in the county of Vulkaneifel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is part of a designated nature reserve and Special Area of Conservation.
The Mosbrucher Weiher, also called the Mosbrucher Maar, is a silted up maar east of the municipal boundary of the village of Mosbruch in the county Vulkaneifel in Germany. It is located immediately at the foot of the 675-metre-high Hochkelberg, a former volcano. The floor of the maar is in the shape of an elongated oval and is about 700×500 metres in size, its upper boundary has a diameter of about 1,300 × 1,050 metres. This makes the Mosbrucher Maar the third largest of the maars in the western Eifel region. The Üßbach stream flows past and close to the Mosbrucher Weiher.
A volcanic crater lake is a lake in a crater that was formed by explosive activity or a collapse during a volcanic eruption.
Espenberg is a volcanic field in Alaska that contains the largest maars on Earth. It was active during the Pleistocene until 17,500 years BP, when a large eruption formed the 8 by 6 kilometres wide Devil Mountain Maar and deposited tephra over 2,500 square kilometres (970 sq mi), burying vegetation and forming the largest maar on Earth. Other maars in the field are the North and South Killeak Maars and Whitefish Maar, and Devil Mountain is a shield volcano.
