Puritan Bennett

Last updated
Puritan-Bennett
IndustryPharmaceuticals
PredecessorOxygen Gas Company, Puritan Compressed Gas Corporation
Founded1913;110 years ago (1913)
FounderRay Bennett
Key people
Richard H. Anderson, President and CEO
ProductsBennett MA-1 Volume Ventilator
Owner Medtronic
Website www.puritanbennett.com

Puritan Bennett has been a provider of respiratory products since 1913 originally as a medical gas supplier. In addition to critical care ventilation, Puritan Bennett provided medical devices for patients outside of the acute care environment. Its products included portable ventilation, oxygen therapy systems, sleep diagnostic and sleep therapy equipment, spirometry and other respiratory care products.

Contents

History

In 1913, Parker B. Francis founded the predecessor to Puritan-Bennett, originally incorporated as Oxygen Gas Company, which was a manufacturer and distributor of oxygen and hydrogen. [1] [2] In 1920 the company changed its name to the Kansas City Oxygen Company and then again in 1931 to Puritan Compressed Gas Corporation as it continued to expand. [2] In 1940, V. Ray Bennett and Associates, Inc was founded by Ray Bennett in Santa Monica, CA. [3] In 1945 Bennett applies for a patent for the BR-X2 ventilator developed during WWII [3] for delivery of intermittent positive pressure ventilation to pilots after he witnessed several crashes caused by pilots passing out in unpressurized aircraft at high altitude. [2] He would later invent a mechanical ventilator as an alternative to the iron lung machine. [4] V. Ray Bennett and Associates, Inc was acquired by Puritan in 1956 and the next year the company was renamed Bennett Respiration Products, Inc. [2] By the 60's the company had added products such as the bubble jet and a heated humidifier to its oxygen therapy line. [2] In 1967 Puritan released the MA-1 Volume Ventilator, an invention of Bennet's. [2] This virtually replaced the cumbersome iron lung and made Bennet and Puritan recognizable names in the larger medical equipment field. [2] This allowed the company to grow even more as they targeted international markets. [2] In 1968 the parent company reorganized itself as the Puritan-Bennett Corporation and consolidated its medical marketing department into a single unit. [2]

In 1995, Nellcor acquired Puritan-Bennett and the newly expanded company was renamed Nellcor Puritan Bennett. [5] In 1997, Nellcor Puritan Bennett became a part of Mallinckrodt, a medical products company with product lines in respiratory care, diagnostic imaging and analgesic pharmaceuticals. In 1998, Puritan-Bennett Aero Systems (PBASCO [2] ) was sold to BE Aerospace Inc. [6] [7]

In 2000, Tyco International acquired Mallinckrodt to become a Tyco Healthcare company. [8] [9] In 2007, Covidien spun off from Tyco International [10] and inherited Puritan Bennett along with other Tyco Healthcare Brands. [11]

In 2015, Medtronic acquired Covidien and inherited all brands, including Puritan Bennett. [12]

Ventilators

840 Ventilator System

The 840 Ventilator System is the old-fashioned acute critical care ventilator sold by Puritan Bennett. Launched in some countries older than 2001. It is the flagship product in Puritan Bennett's line of critical care ventilators. [13]

Software Options: [12]

  • PAV+ Software
  • BiLevel Software
  • Volume Ventilation Plus Software
  • Tube Compensation Software
  • NeoMode Software

700 Series

The 700 Series (740 & 760) Ventilator System is a critical care ventilator model prior to the current 840 Series. The system was designed in Galway, Ireland.

7200 Series

The 7200 Series is a critical care ventilator model prior to the 760 Series. [14]

560 Series

The 560 Series is a portable ventilation unit. [15]

Bennett MA-1

The Bennett MA-1 ventilator was a volume-cycled, constant flow generator that had three adjustable modes: assist, control, or assist-control. This model was the most commonly used ventilators in clinical practice. [16]

Bennett TV-2P and Bennett PR-2

Oldest devices utilised for intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) therapy. These models were used in WW2 because the units were small, compact and easy to use. [17] [18] [19] [20]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ventilator</span> Device that provides mechanical ventilation to the lungs

A ventilator is a type of breathing apparatus, a class of medical technology that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air into and out of the lungs, to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently. Ventilators may be computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but patients can also be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask. Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine, home care, and emergency medicine and in anesthesiology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mechanical ventilation</span> Method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing

Mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) is the medical term for using a machine called a ventilator to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. Mechanical ventilation is used for many reasons, including to protect the airway due to mechanical or neurologic cause, to ensure adequate oxygenation, or to remove excess carbon dioxide from the lungs. Various healthcare providers are involved with the use of mechanical ventilation and people who require ventilators are typically monitored in an intensive care unit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intensive care medicine</span> Medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill

Intensive care medicine, also called critical care medicine, is a medical specialty that deals with seriously or critically ill patients who have, are at risk of, or are recovering from conditions that may be life-threatening. It includes providing life support, invasive monitoring techniques, resuscitation, and end-of-life care. Doctors in this specialty are often called intensive care physicians, critical care physicians, or intensivists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</span> Technique of providing both cardiac and respiratory support

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), also known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is an extracorporeal technique of providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of gas exchange or perfusion to sustain life. The technology for ECMO is largely derived from cardiopulmonary bypass, which provides shorter-term support with arrested native circulation. The device used is a membrane oxygenator, also known as an artificial lung.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acute respiratory distress syndrome</span> Human disease

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of respiratory failure characterized by rapid onset of widespread inflammation in the lungs. Symptoms include shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing (tachypnea), and bluish skin coloration (cyanosis). For those who survive, a decreased quality of life is common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquid breathing</span> Respiration of oxygen-rich liquid by a normally air-breathing organism

Liquid breathing is a form of respiration in which a normally air-breathing organism breathes an oxygen-rich liquid (such as a perfluorocarbon), rather than breathing air, by selecting a liquid that can hold a large amount of oxygen and is capable of CO2 gas exchange.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medtronic</span> Irish tax-registered medical device company

Medtronic plc is an American medical device company. The company's operational and executive headquarters are in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and its legal headquarters are in Ireland due to its acquisition of Irish-based Covidien in 2015. While it primarily operates in the United States, it operates in more than 150 countries and employs over 90,000 people. It develops and manufactures healthcare technologies and therapies.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of lung infection that occurs in people who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals. As such, VAP typically affects critically ill persons that are in an intensive care unit (ICU) and have been on a mechanical ventilator for at least 48 hours. VAP is a major source of increased illness and death. Persons with VAP have increased lengths of ICU hospitalization and have up to a 20–30% death rate. The diagnosis of VAP varies among hospitals and providers but usually requires a new infiltrate on chest x-ray plus two or more other factors. These factors include temperatures of >38 °C or <36 °C, a white blood cell count of >12 × 109/ml, purulent secretions from the airways in the lung, and/or reduction in gas exchange.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bronchopulmonary dysplasia</span> Medical condition

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a chronic lung disease in which premature infants. Premature (preterm) infants who require treatment with supplemental oxygen or require long-term oxygen are at a higher risk. The alveoli that are present tend to not be mature enough to function normally. It is also more common in infants with low birth weight (LBW) and those who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory distress syndrome. It results in significant morbidity and mortality. The definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has continued to evolve primarily due to changes in the population, such as more survivors at earlier gestational ages, and improved neonatal management including surfactant, antenatal glucocorticoid therapy, and less aggressive mechanical ventilation.

Covidien was an Irish-headquartered global health care products company and manufacturer of medical devices and supplies. Covidien became an independent publicly traded company after being spun off from Tyco International in 2007. It was purchased by Medtronic in a transaction that closed in 2015. The now-merged company is headquartered in Ireland, where Covidien was based.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mallinckrodt</span> Irish domiciled pharmaceutical

Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals is an American-Irish domiciled manufacturer of specialty pharmaceuticals, generic drugs and imaging agents. In 2017, it generated 90% of its sales from the U.S. healthcare system. While Mallinckrodt is headquartered in Ireland for tax purposes, its operational headquarters are in the U.S. Mallinckrodt's 2013 tax inversion to Ireland drew controversy when it was shown Acthar was Medicaid's most expensive drug.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airway pressure release ventilation</span> Pressure control mode of mechanical ventilation

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a pressure control mode of mechanical ventilation that utilizes an inverse ratio ventilation strategy. APRV is an applied continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) that at a set timed interval releases the applied pressure. Depending on the ventilator manufacturer, it may be referred to as BiVent. This is just as appropriate to use, since the only difference is that the term APRV is copyrighted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyco Federal Credit Union</span> Credit union

Reach Federal Credit Union is a federally chartered credit union for employees of Tyco International, TE Connectivity and Covidien. Reach Federal Credit Union is federally insured and regulated by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). Reach Credit Union is headquartered in Menlo Park, California with offices in NC, PA and FL. Like all credit unions, Reach Credit Union is governed by a board of volunteers, elected by and from its membership.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heated humidified high-flow therapy</span> Respiratory support method

Heated humidified high-flow therapy, often simply called high flow therapy, is a type of respiratory support that delivers a flow of medical gas to a patient of up to 60 liters per minute and 100% oxygen through a large bore or high flow nasal cannula. Primarily studied in neonates, it has also been found effective in some adults to treat hypoxemia and work of breathing issues. The key components of it are a gas blender, heated humidifier, heated circuit, and cannula.

Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation. The mode refers to the method of inspiratory support. In general, mode selection is based on clinician familiarity and institutional preferences, since there is a paucity of evidence indicating that the mode affects clinical outcome. The most frequently used forms of volume-limited mechanical ventilation are intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) and continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV). There have been substantial changes in the nomenclature of mechanical ventilation over the years, but more recently it has become standardized by many respirology and pulmonology groups. Writing a mode is most proper in all capital letters with a dash between the control variable and the strategy.

Prone ventilation, sometimes called prone positioning or proning, refers to mechanical ventilation with the patient lying face-down (prone). It improves oxygenation in most patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and reduces mortality. The earliest trial investigating the benefits of prone ventilation occurred in 1976. Since that time, many meta-analyses and one randomized control trial, the PROSEVA trial, have shown an increase in patients' survival with the more severe versions of ARDS. There are many proposed mechanisms, but they are not fully delineated. The proposed utility of prone ventilation is that this position will improve lung mechanics, improve oxygenation, and increase survival. Although improved oxygenation has been shown in multiple studies, this position change's survival benefit is not as clear. Similar to the slow adoption of low tidal volume ventilation utilized in ARDS, many believe that the investigation into the benefits of prone ventilation will likely be ongoing in the future.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open-source ventilator</span> Ventilator of freely-licensed design

An open-source ventilator is a disaster-situation ventilator made using a freely licensed (open-source) design, and ideally, freely available components and parts. Designs, components, and parts may be anywhere from completely reverse-engineered or completely new creations, components may be adaptations of various inexpensive existing products, and special hard-to-find and/or expensive parts may be 3D-printed instead of purchased. As of early 2020, the levels of documentation and testing of open-source ventilators was well below scientific and medical-grade standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proning</span> Nursing technique

Proning or prone positioning is the placement of patients into a prone position so that they are lying on their front. This is used in the treatment of patients in intensive care with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has been especially tried and studied for patients on ventilators but, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is being used for patients with oxygen masks and CPAP as an alternative to ventilation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integra LifeSciences</span> Device manufacturing company

Integra LifeSciences is a global medical device manufacturing company headquartered in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1989, the company manufactures products for skin regeneration, neurosurgery, reconstructive and general surgery. Integra artificial skin became the first commercially reproducible skin tissue used to treat severe burns and other skin wounds.

References

  1. ↑ "John B. Francis, 87, Was Executive, Philanthropist". The Vineyard Gazette - Martha's Vineyard News. September 16, 2004. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "History of Puritan-Bennett Corporation – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 13. St. James Press, 1996. Retrieved 2020-04-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. 1 2 Meier, Ciselle; Cadogan, Mike (2022-01-09). "V. Ray Bennett". Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
  4. ↑ https://foocus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/The-Fascinating-History-of-Respiratory-Therapy.pdf [ bare URL PDF ][ dead link ]
  5. ↑ "Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  6. ↑ "B/E Aerospace completes purchase of Puritan-Bennett Aero Systems". www.bizjournals.com. Apr 14, 1998. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  7. ↑ "ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended February 24, 2001. BE AEROSPACE, INC" (PDF). May 21, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-10-17. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  8. ↑ "Tyco Buying Mallinckrodt For $3.2 Billion". The New York Times. Reuters. 2000-06-29. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  9. ↑ Journal, Laura Johannes and Thomas M. BurtonStaff Reporters of The Wall Street (2000-06-29). "Tyco International to Acquire Mallinckrodt for $4.2 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  10. ↑ "Covidien". Companies History - The biggest companies in the world. 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  11. ↑ "Medtronic to buy Covidien for $42.9 billion, rebase in Ireland". Reuters. 2014-06-16. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  12. 1 2 "Medtronic Minimally Invasive Therapies". www.medtronic.com. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  13. ↑ "Puritan Bennett™ 840 Ventilator | Medtronic". www.medtronic.com. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  14. ↑ Squire, Ryan (March 25, 2013). "Ventilators of the Past". Kindred. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  15. ↑ "Medtronic is sharing its portable ventilator design specifications and code for free to all". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
  16. ↑ Bone, R. C.; Eubanks, D. H. (1992). "Understanding and operating the Bennett MA-1 ventilator. Tips on adjusting the controls to avoid problems". The Journal of Critical Illness. 7 (4): 547–560. ISSN   1040-0257. PMID   10148159.
  17. ↑ Kacmarek, Robert M. (2011-08-01). "The Mechanical Ventilator: Past, Present, and Future". Respiratory Care. 56 (8): 1170–1180. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01420 . ISSN   0020-1324. PMID   21801579.
  18. ↑ Brown, Burnell R.; Goetzman, Boyd W.; Goldstein, Arnold S.; Ferxbach, Steven; Johnsox, John D. (1975-05-01). "Mechanical Ventilation in the Respiratory Distress Syndrome— Modification of the Bennett PR-2 Ventilator". Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. 42 (5): 617–621. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197505000-00025 . ISSN   0003-3022. PMID   1055521.
  19. ↑ Neidhardt, A.; Barale, F.; Neidhardt-Audion, M.; Vieille, J.; Daoudal, P.; Redersdorff, B. (1980). "[The adaptation of the Bennett PR2 to intermittent mandatory ventilation (author's transl)]". Anesthésie, Analgésie, Réanimation. 37 (5–6): 331–334. ISSN   0003-3014. PMID   7006463.
  20. ↑ "BENNETT Pressure Breathing Therapy Unit, Model TV-2P". Journal of the American Medical Association. 154 (12): 1003. 1954-03-20. ISSN   0002-9955. PMID   13129089.
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