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The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.
An aerated lagoon is a simple wastewater treatment system consisting of a pond with artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters.
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sewage treatment configuration applied to activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate.
In taxonomy, Amaricoccus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.
The biological treatment of wastewater in the sewage treatment plant is often accomplished using conventional activated sludge systems. These systems generally require large surface areas for treatment and biomass separation units due to the generally poor settling properties of the sludge. Aerobic granules are a type of sludge that can self-immobilize flocs and microorganisms into spherical and strong compact structures. The advantages of aerobic granular sludge are excellent settleability, high biomass retention, simultaneous nutrient removal and tolerance to toxicity. Recent studies show that aerobic granular sludge treatment could be a potentially good method to treat high strength wastewaters with nutrients, toxic substances.
Activated sludge model is a generic name for a group of mathematical methods to model activated sludge systems. The research in this area is coordinated by a task group of the International Water Association (IWA). Activated sludge models are used in scientific research to study biological processes in hypothetical systems. They can also be applied on full scale wastewater treatment plants for optimisation, when carefully calibrated with reference data for sludge production and nutrients in the effluent.
Biosorption is a physiochemical process that occurs naturally in certain biomass which allows it to passively concentrate and bind contaminants onto its cellular structure. Biosorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physico-chemical pathways of uptake. Though using biomass in environmental cleanup has been in practice for a while, scientists and engineers are hoping this phenomenon will provide an economical alternative for removing toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater and aid in environmental remediation.
Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) is the concentration of suspended solids, in an aeration tank during the activated sludge process, which occurs during the treatment of waste water. The units MLSS is primarily measured in milligram per litre (mg/L), but for activated sludge its mostly measured in gram per litre [g/L] which is equal to kilogram per cubic metre [kg/m3]. Mixed liquor is a combination of raw or unsettled wastewater or pre-settled wastewater and activated sludge within an aeration tank. MLSS consists mostly of microorganisms and non-biodegradable suspended matter. MLSS is an important part of the activated sludge process to ensure that there is a sufficient quantity of active biomass available to consume the applied quantity of organic pollutant at any time. This is known as the food to microorganism ratio, more commonly notated as the F/M ratio. By maintaining this ratio at the appropriate level the biomass will consume high percentages of the food. This minimizes the loss of residual food in the treated effluent. In simple terms, the more the biomass consumes the lower the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) will be in the discharge. It is important that MLSS removes COD and BOD in order to purify water for clean surface waters, and subsequently clean drinking water and hygiene. Raw sewage enters in the water treatment process with a concentration of sometimes several hundred mg/L of BOD. Upon being treated by screening, pre-settling, activated sludge processes or other methods of treatment, the concentration of BOD in water can be lowered to less than 2 mg/L, which is considered to be clean, safe to discharge to surface waters or to reuse water.
Comamonas denitrificans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from an activated sludge. Its colonies are yellow-white colored. Unlike other species of Comamonas, C. denitrificans can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.
Hydrogenophaga atypica is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from wastewater from an activated sludge. Colonies of H. atypica are pale yellow.
Malikia granosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with one to two polar flagella from the new genus Malikia in family Comamonadaceae. It was isolated from activated sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Colonies of M. granosa are creamy–white in color.
Quadricoccus is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria. So far there is only on species of this genus known.
Aquamicrobium defluvii is a gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, bacteria from the genus of Aquamicrobium which was isolated from activated sewage sludge in Germany. Aquamicrobium defluvii uses thiophene-2-carboxylate as only source for carbon.
Tessaracoccus bendigoensis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Tessaracoccus which has been isolated from activated sludge in Australia.
Roseomonas eburnea is a species of Gram negative, strictly aerobic, coccobacilli-shaped, ivory-colored bacterium. It was first isolated from activated sludge from an herbicide-manufacturing wastewater treatment facility in Jiangsu province, China, and the species was first proposed in 2016. R. eburnea, unlike most species of Roseomonas which are pink or light red, is ivory-pigmented. The species name comes from Latin eburnea. R. chloroacetimidivorans was isolated at the same time as R. eburnea.
Tetrasphaera australiensis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Tetrasphaera which has been isolated from activated sludge from Glenelg in Australia.
Tetrasphaera japonica is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Tetrasphaera which has been isolated from activated sludge from Japan.
Diaphorobacter nitroreducens is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Diaphorobacter which has been isolated from activated sludge in Japan.
Kineosphaera is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic non-spore-forming and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Dermatophilaceae with one known species . Kineosphaera limosa has been isolated from activated sludge from Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.
Sphingopyxis witflariensis is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Sphingopyxis which has been isolated from activated sludge from Wetzlar in Germany.
References
- ↑ LSPN lpsn.dsmz.de
- ↑ Straininfo of Quadricoccus australiensis
- ↑ Maszenan, AM; Seviour, RJ; Patel, BK; Schumann, P (2002). "Quadricoccus australiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a beta-proteobacterium from activated sludge biomass". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 223–8. doi: 10.1099/00207713-52-1-223 . PMID 11858148.
- ↑ EzBioCloud
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