Quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework

Last updated

The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework describes university-industry-government-public-environment interactions within a knowledge economy. In innovation helix framework theory, first developed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff [1] [2] and used in innovation economics and theories of knowledge, such as the knowledge society and the knowledge economy, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions. The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework was co-developed by Elias G. Carayannis and David F.J. Campbell, with the quadruple helix being described in 2009 [3] [4] and the quintuple helix in 2010. [4] [5] Various authors were exploring the concept of a quadruple helix extension to the triple helix model of innovation around the same time. [6] [7] [8] The Carayannis and Campbell quadruple helix model incorporates the public via the concept of a 'media-based democracy', [9] which emphasizes that when the political system (government) is developing innovation policy to develop the economy, it must adequately communicate its innovation policy with the public and civil society via the media to obtain public support for new strategies or policies. [3] In the case of industry involved in R&D, the framework emphasizes that companies' public relations strategies have to negotiate ‘reality construction’ by the media. [3] The quadruple and quintuple helix framework can be described in terms of the models of knowledge that it extends and by five subsystems (helices) that it incorporates; in a quintuple helix-driven model, knowledge and know-how are created and transformed, and circulate as inputs and outputs in a way that affects the natural environment. [2] [4] Socio-ecological interactions via the quadruple and quintuple helices can be utilized to define opportunities for the knowledge society and knowledge economy, such as innovation to address sustainable development, including climate change. [2]

Contents

Conceptual interrelationship of models of knowledge

The framework involves the extension of previous models of knowledge, specifically mode 1, mode 2, the triple helix, and mode 3, by adding the public and the environment:

Figure 1: Evolution of the Models of Knowledge Creation in the Quintuple Helix Evolution of the Models of Knowledge Creation in the Quintuple Helix.jpg
Figure 1: Evolution of the Models of Knowledge Creation in the Quintuple Helix

Mode 1. [10] Mode 1 was theorized by Michael Gibbons and is an elderly linear model of fundamental university research where success is defined as "a quality or excellence that is approved by hierarchically established peers” and does not necessarily contribute to industry or the knowledge economy. [2] [5]

Mode 2. [10] Mode 2 was also theorized by Michael Gibbons and is context-driven, problem-focused and interdisciplinary research characterized by the following five principles: (1) knowledge produced in the context of application; (2) transdisciplinarity; (3) heterogeneity and organizational diversity; (4) social accountability and reflexivity; (5) and quality control. [2] [11]

The Triple Helix model of innovation. [12] The triple helix was first suggested by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in 1995 [13] and emphasizes trilateral networks and hybrid organizations of university-industry-government relations to provide the infrastructure necessary for innovation and economic development; [2] [12] it provides a structural explanation for the historical evolution of mode 2 in relation to mode 1. [12]

Mode 3. [14] Mode 3 was developed by Elias G. Carayannis and David F.J. Campbell in 2006. Mode 3 emphasizes the coexistence and co-development of diverse knowledge and innovation modes, together with mutual cross-learning between knowledge modes and interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary knowledge. [4] [5]

Quadruple helix. The quadruple helix adds as fourth helix the public, specifically defined as the culture- and media-based public and civil society. This fourth helix includes, for example, sociological concepts like art, the creative industries, culture, lifestyles, media, and values. [2] [4]

Quintuple helix. The quintuple helix adds as fifth helix the natural environment, more specifically socio-ecological interactions, meaning it can be applied in an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary way to sustainable development. [2] [4]

The five helices

Figure 2: Five Helices of the Quintuple Helix Five Helices of the Quintuple Helix.png
Figure 2: Five Helices of the Quintuple Helix

The main constituent element of the helical system is knowledge, which, through a circulation between societal subsystems, changes to innovation and know-how in a society (knowledge society) and for the economy (knowledge economy). [4] The quintuple helix visualizes the collective interaction and exchange of this knowledge in a state by means of five subsystems (helices): (1) education system, (2) economic system, (3) natural environment, (4) media-based and culture-based public (also ‘civil society’), (5) and the political system. [5] Each of the five helices has an asset at its disposal, with a societal and scientific relevance, i.e., human capital, economic capital, natural capital, social capital and capital of information capital, and political capital and legal capital, respectively. [2]

Figure 3: Effects of Investment in Education on Sustainable Development in Quintuple Helix Effects of Investment in Education Sustainability in Quintuple Helix.png
Figure 3: Effects of Investment in Education on Sustainable Development in Quintuple Helix

Quadruple and quintuple helix and policy making

The quadruple helix has been applied to European Union-sponsored projects and policies, including the EU-MACS (EUropean MArket for Climate Services) project, [15] a follow-up project of the European Research and Innovation Roadmap for Climate Services, and the European Commission's Open Innovation 2.0 (OI2) policy for a digital single market that supports open innovation. [16]

Quadruple and quintuple helix in academic research

The quadruple helix has implications for smart co-evolution of regional innovation and institutional arrangements, i.e., regional innovation systems. [17] [18] [19] [20] The quintuple helix has been applied to the quality of democracy, [21] [22] including in innovation systems; [23] international cooperation; [24] forest-based bioeconomies; [25] the Russian Arctic zone energy shelf; [26] regional ecosystems; [27] smart specialization and living labs; [28] climate change, [2] and sustainable development, [5] as well as to innovation diplomacy, [29] a quintuple-helix based extension of science diplomacy.

Criticism of the concept

How to define the new sectors of the public and the environment with regard to the standard triple helix model of innovation has been debated, and some researchers see them as additional sectors while others see them as different types of overarching sectors which contain the previous sectors. [17] [30]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alpha helix</span> Type of secondary structure of proteins

An alpha helix is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil.

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix found in the body's various connective tissues. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. Collagen consists of amino acids bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found in connective tissue such as cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, and skin. Collagen makes up 30% of the protein found in the human body. Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis. Vitamin E improves the production of collagen.

The knowledge economy, or knowledge-based economy, is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is based principally on knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to advancement in technical and scientific innovation. The key element of value is the greater dependence on human capital and intellectual property as the source of innovative ideas, information and practices. Organisations are required to capitalise on this "knowledge" in their production to stimulate and deepen the business development process. There is less reliance on physical input and natural resources. A knowledge-based economy relies on the crucial role of intangible assets within the organisations' settings in facilitating modern economic growth.

Democratic capitalism, also referred to as market democracy, is a political and economic system. It integrates resource allocation by marginal productivity, with policies of resource allocation by social entitlement. The policies which characterise the system are enacted by democratic governments.

The National Innovation System is the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises and institutions which is key to the innovative process on the national level. According to innovation system theory, innovation and technology development are results of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes enterprises, universities and government research institutes.

The concept of the innovation system stresses that the flow of technology and information among people, enterprises, and institutions is key to an innovative process. It contains the interactions between the actors needed in order to turn an idea into a process, product, or service on the market.

Open innovation is a term used to promote an information age mindset toward innovation that runs counter to the secrecy and silo mentality of traditional corporate research labs. The benefits and driving forces behind increased openness have been noted and discussed as far back as the 1960s, especially as it pertains to interfirm cooperation in R&D. Use of the term 'open innovation' in reference to the increasing embrace of external cooperation in a complex world has been promoted in particular by Henry Chesbrough, adjunct professor and faculty director of the Center for Open Innovation of the Haas School of Business at the University of California, and Maire Tecnimont Chair of Open Innovation at Luiss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Sciences Citation Index</span> Citation index product of Clarivate Analytics

The Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) is a commercial citation index product of Clarivate Analytics. It was originally developed by the Institute for Scientific Information from the Science Citation Index. The Social Sciences Citation Index is a multidisciplinary index which indexes over 3,400 journals across 58 social science disciplines – 1985 to present, and it has 122 million cited references – 1900 to present. It also includes a range of 3,500 selected items from some of the world's finest scientific and technical journals. It has a range of useful search functions such as ‘cited reference searching’, searching by author, subject, or title. Whilst the Social Sciences Citation Index provides extensive support in bibliographic analytics and research, a number of academic scholars have expressed criticisms relating to ideological bias and its English-dominant publishing nature.

A knowledge productionmode is a term from the sociology of science which refers to the way (scientific) knowledge is produced. So far, three modes have been conceptualized. Mode 1 production of knowledge is knowledge production motivated by scientific knowledge alone which is not primarily concerned by the applicability of its findings. Mode 1 is founded on a conceptualization of science as separated into discrete disciplines. Mode 2 was coined in 1994 in juxtaposition to Mode 1 by Michael Gibbons, Camille Limoges, Helga Nowotny, Simon Schwartzman, Peter Scott and Martin Trow. In Mode 2, multidisciplinary teams are brought together for short periods of time to work on specific problems in the real world for knowledge production in the knowledge society. Mode 2 can be explained by the way research funds are distributed among scientists and how scientists focus on obtaining these funds in terms of five basic features: knowledge produced in the context of application; transdisciplinarity; heterogeneity and organizational diversity; social accountability and reflexivity; and quality control. Subsequently, Carayannis and Campbell described a Mode 3 knowledge in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Loet Leydesdorff</span>

Louis André (Loet) Leydesdorff (21 August 1948, Batavia was a Dutch sociologist, cyberneticist, communication scientist and Professor in the Dynamics of Scientific Communication and Technological Innovation at the University of Amsterdam. He is known for his work in the sociology of communication and innovation, especially for his Triple helix model of innovation developed with Henry Etzkowitz in the 1990s.

Robert B. Mellor is a British scientist probably best known for his 1989 "unified vacuole theory", although also made significant contributions to environmental technology and to our understanding of the workings of the tech entrepreneurship ecosystem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italy–Pakistan relations</span> Bilateral relations

The term Italy–Pakistan relations refers to bilateral relations between the Republic of Italy and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The nations have cordial relations.

Science-to-business marketing entails the marketing of research conducted at research institutions, particularly universities, to industry or other interested parties. The acronym S2B follows a series of marketing acronyms used to shorten and popularise marketing specialisations, including (B2C) and (B2B).

Mode 3 may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triple helix</span> Set of three congruent geometrical helices with the same axis

In the fields of geometry and biochemistry, a triple helix is a set of three congruent geometrical helices with the same axis, differing by a translation along the axis. This means that each of the helices keeps the same distance from the central axis. As with a single helix, a triple helix may be characterized by its pitch, diameter, and handedness. Examples of triple helices include triplex DNA, triplex RNA, the collagen helix, and collagen-like proteins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Filipe Teles</span> Political scientist

Filipe Teles is a political scientist and associate professor in the Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, where he teaches courses in the fields of public policy and political science. He is acting as Prorector for Regional Development and Urban Policies at the University.

Industry funding of academic research in the United States is one of the two major sources of research funding in academia along with government support. Currently, private funding of research accounts for the majority of all research and development funding in the United States as of 2007 overall. Overall, Federal and Industrial sources contribute similar amounts to research, while industry funds the vast majority of development work.

The triple helix model of innovation refers to a set of interactions between academia, industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions. The initial modelling has advanced from two dimensions to show more complex interactions, for example over time. The framework was first theorized by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in the 1990s, with the publication of "The Triple Helix, University-Industry-Government Relations: A laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development". Interactions between universities, industries and governments have given rise to new intermediary institutions, such as technology transfer offices and science parks, and Etzkowitz and Ledersdorff theorized the relationship between the three sectors and explained the emergence of these new hybrid organizations. The triple helix innovation framework has been widely adopted and as applied by policy makers has participated in the transformation of each sector.

Elias G. Carayannis is a Greek-American economist who is presently a full Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the George Washington University School of Business in Washington, D.C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fusion Industry Association</span>

The Fusion Industry Association is a US-registered non-profit independent trade association for the international nuclear fusion industry. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 2018 to advocate for policies to accelerate the arrival of fusion power. Its CEO is Andrew Holland, former Chief Operating Officer of the American Security Project. The Fusion Industry Association has 28 members and 35 affiliate members, including nuclear reactor designers, engineering firms, suppliers, academic institutions, and various professional services with business in the nuclear fusion industry such as research consultancies. The emergence of the Fusion Industry Association can be traced back to the 2013 publication of a white paper on fusion energy by the American Security Project.

References

  1. ↑ Leydesdorff, Loet (2012). "The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations (February 2012)". SSRN Working Paper Series. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1996760. ISSN   1556-5068. S2CID   111166330.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Carayannis, Elias G.; Barth, Thorsten D.; Campbell, David F. J. (2012-08-08). "The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation". Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 1 (1): 2. doi: 10.1186/2192-5372-1-2 . hdl: 10419/78609 . ISSN   2192-5372.
  3. 1 2 3 Carayannis, Elias G.; Campbell, David F.J. (2009). "'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem". International Journal of Technology Management. 46 (3/4): 201. doi:10.1504/IJTM.2009.023374. ISSN   0267-5730. S2CID   1444029.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Peris-Ortiz, Marta; Ferreira, João; Farinha, Luís; Fernandes, Nuno (2016-05-27). "Introduction to Multiple Helix Ecosystems for Sustainable Competitiveness". Multiple helix ecosystems for sustainable competitiveness. Cham: Springer. pp. 1–14. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29677-7. ISBN   978-3-319-29677-7. OCLC   950971633.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Galvao, Anderson; Mascarenhas, Carla; Marques, Carla; Ferreira, João; Ratten, Vanessa (2019-10-02). "Triple helix and its evolution: a systematic literature review". Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. 10 (3): 812–833. doi:10.1108/jstpm-10-2018-0103. ISSN   2053-4620. S2CID   203101066.
  6. ↑ Rönkä, K; Orava, J (2007). Kehitysalustoilla neloskierteeseen. Käyttäjälähtöiset living lab- ja testbed-innovaatioympäristöt. Tulevaisuuden kehitysalustat -hankkeen loppuraportti[On development platforms to Quadruple Helix. User-driven living lab and testbed innovation environments. Final report of Future Development Platforms project.] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Movense Oy & The Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research, HSE.
  7. ↑ Arnkil, Robert; Järvensivu, Anu; Koski, Pasi; Piirainen, Tatu (2010). Exploring Quadruple Helix: Outlining user-oriented innovation models. Tampere: University of Tampere. ISBN   978-951-44-8208-3.
  8. ↑ MacGregor, Steven P. (2010). CLIQboost : baseline research for CLIQ INTERREGIVC (Creating Local Innovations for SMEs through a Quadruple Helix) : presented by the University of Girona to the city of Jyväskylä. Girona: Documenta Universitaria. ISBN   9788492707348. OCLC   804706118.
  9. ↑ Plasser, Fritz (2004). Politische Kommunikation in Österreich : ein praxisnahes Handbuch. Wien: WUV. pp. 22–23. ISBN   3851148584. OCLC   57566424.
  10. 1 2 Gibbons, Michael; Nowotny, Helga; Schwartzman, Simon; Scott, Peter; Trow, Martin A. (1994). The New Production of Knowledge. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. ISBN   978-0803977938. OCLC   32093699.
  11. ↑ "Mode 1 and Mode 2 Knowledge Production", The SAGE Encyclopedia of Action Research, SAGE Publications Ltd, 2014, doi:10.4135/9781446294406.n236, ISBN   978-1-84920-027-1
  12. 1 2 3 Etzkowitz, Henry; Leydesdorff, Loet (2000). "The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and "Mode 2" to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations". Research Policy. 29 (2): 109–123. doi:10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4.
  13. ↑ Etzkowitz, Henry; Leydesdorff, Loet (1995). "The Triple Helix -- University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development". EASST Review. 14: 14–19. SSRN   2480085.
  14. ↑ Carayannis, Elias G.; Campbell, David F. J. (2006). "'Mode 3': Meaning and implications from a knowledge systems perspective". Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters : a comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Praeger Publishers. pp. 1–25. ISBN   0-313-08323-1. OCLC   70209391.
  15. ↑ "GUIDELINES FOR LIVING LABS IN CLIMATE SERVICES – EU MACS". eu-macs.eu. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  16. ↑ hubavem (2013-12-04). "Open Innovation 2.0". Digital Single Market - European Commission. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  17. 1 2 Höglund, Linda; Linton, Gabriel (2018). "Smart specialization in regional innovation systems: a quadruple helix perspective: Smart specialization in regional innovation systems". R&D Management. 48 (1): 60–72. doi:10.1111/radm.12306. S2CID   159024394.
  18. ↑ Lew, Yong Kyu; Khan, Zaheer; Cozzio, Sara (2018). "Gravitating toward the quadruple helix: international connections for the enhancement of a regional innovation system in Northeast Italy" (PDF). R&D Management. 48 (1): 44–59. doi:10.1111/radm.12227. S2CID   55470696.
  19. ↑ Vallance, Paul (2017). "The co-evolution of regional innovation domains and institutional arrangements: Smart specialisation through quadruple helix relations?". In Philip, McCann; van Oort, Frank; Goddard, Frank (eds.). The Empirical and Institutional Dimensions of Smart Specialisation. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 127–144. ISBN   978-113869575-7.
  20. ↑ Helman, Joanna (January 2020). "Analysis of the Local Innovation and Entrepreneurial System Structure Towards the 'Wrocław Innovation Ecosystem' Concept Development". Sustainability. 12 (23): 10086. doi: 10.3390/su122310086 . ISSN   2071-1050.
  21. ↑ Carayannis, Elias G.; Kaloudis, Aris (2010). "A Time for Action and a Time to Lead: Democratic Capitalism and a New "New Deal" for the US and the World in the Twenty-first Century". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 1 (1): 4–17. doi:10.1007/s13132-009-0002-y. ISSN   1868-7865. S2CID   154700666.
  22. ↑ Carayannis, Elias G; Campbell, David FJ (2014). "Developed democracies versus emerging autocracies: arts, democracy, and innovation in Quadruple Helix innovation systems". Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 3 (1). doi: 10.1186/s13731-014-0012-2 . hdl: 10419/146827 . ISSN   2192-5372.
  23. ↑ Campbell, David F. J.; Carayannis, Elias G.; Rehman, Scheherazade S. (2015). "Quadruple Helix Structures of Quality of Democracy in Innovation Systems: the USA, OECD Countries, and EU Member Countries in Global Comparison". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 6 (3): 467–493. doi:10.1007/s13132-015-0246-7. ISSN   1868-7865. S2CID   152819549.
  24. ↑ Casaramona, Andreana; Sapia, Antonia; Soraci, Alberto (2015). "How TOI and the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation System Can Support the Development of a New Model of International Cooperation". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 6 (3): 505–521. doi:10.1007/s13132-015-0253-8. ISSN   1868-7865. S2CID   152436657.
  25. ↑ Grundel, Ida; Dahlström, Margareta (2016). "A Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Approach to Regional Innovation Systems in the Transformation to a Forestry-Based Bioeconomy". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 7 (4): 963–983. doi: 10.1007/s13132-016-0411-7 . ISSN   1868-7865.
  26. ↑ Carayannis, Elias G.; Cherepovitsyn, Alexey E.; Ilinova, Alina A. (2017). "Sustainable Development of the Russian Arctic zone energy shelf: the Role of the Quintuple Innovation Helix Model". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 8 (2): 456–470. doi:10.1007/s13132-017-0478-9. ISSN   1868-7865. S2CID   157751394.
  27. ↑ Carayannis, Elias G.; Grigoroudis, Evangelos; Campbell, David F. J.; Meissner, Dirk; Stamati, Dimitra (2018). "The ecosystem as helix: an exploratory theory-building study of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models: The ecosystem as helix". R&D Management. 48 (1): 148–162. doi: 10.1111/radm.12300 .
  28. ↑ Provenzano, Vincenzo; Arnone, Massimo; Seminara, Maria Rosaria (2018), Bisello, Adriano; Vettorato, Daniele; Laconte, Pierre; Costa, Simona (eds.), "The Links Between Smart Specialisation Strategy, the Quintuple Helix Model and Living Labs", Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, Springer International Publishing, pp. 563–571, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_38, ISBN   9783319757735
  29. ↑ Carayannis, Elias G.; Campbell, David F. J. (2011). "Open Innovation Diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem: Building on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation Concepts and the "Mode 3" Knowledge Production System". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 2 (3): 327–372. doi:10.1007/s13132-011-0058-3. ISSN   1868-7865. S2CID   153833947.
  30. ↑ Leydesdorff, Loet (2012). "The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, …, and an N-Tuple of Helices: Explanatory Models for Analyzing the Knowledge-Based Economy?". Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 3 (1): 25–35. arXiv: 1012.1937 . doi:10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4. ISSN   1868-7865. S2CID   53142456.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.